St Columba's College (buildings and interiors, grounds, gates, Elmhurst remains)

Item details

Name of item: St Columba's College (buildings and interiors, grounds, gates, Elmhurst remains)
Type of item: Built
Group/Collection: Education
Category: Seminary
Primary address: 168 Hawkesbury Road, Springwood, NSW 2777
Parish: Coomassie
County: Cook
Local govt. area: Blue Mountains
All addresses
Street AddressSuburb/townLGAParishCountyType
168 Hawkesbury RoadSpringwoodBlue Mountains CoomassieCookPrimary Address

Statement of significance:

St Columba’s has been assessed as having state significance as evidence of the enthusiasm to enter the Catholic priesthood in the late nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century and of the confidence of the church hierarchy to house the aspirant seminarians in such awe-inspiring buildings. Its relationship as a junior college to the even more lordly St Patrick’s at Manly is of high significance in many aspects of the fabric and the education offered at Springwood. The impact of a large educational institution, first of 100 young men and then 1000 young persons, on the 500 hectares of bushland around has also been of high local significance. The Grotto tracks, constructed to allow religious devotional activity in the bushland setting, have historical significance at the State level.

St Columba's College is a fine example of the Spanish Mission style applied to a religious building. The main seminary building is of very high quality in its design and construction. The strong influence of Spanish monastic architecture is unusual in the Australian context. Various additions to the complex have been undertaken in a highly sensitive manner.

The chapel and its connecting walkways is a good example of late twentieth century ecclesiastical architecture which has been well sited and designed at the east end of the seminary complex.

The Hawkesbury Road gates to the site were a fine set of wrought steel gates with sandstone gateposts providing an important marker for the College. Their realignment had compromised their streetscape quality; however in 2018 they were moved to a more sympathetic and secure location closer to the school buildings. Sadly, the wrought steel gates were stolen in recent decades when the gates were still located near Hawkesbury Road. The four sandstone gate posts remain on site in their new location and have been restored. A commemorative plaque has been added to mark the relocation.

Elmhurst was a good representative Federation Bungalow which retained a sense of its original rural setting. Unfortunately, Elmhurst was burnt to the ground in the 2013 bushfires, and only the foundations and floor plan remain.

St Columba's Grotto Tracks
The Grottos in the grounds of the former St Columba’s Seminary and their access tracks have historical significance at the State level as examples of elaborate facilities created in bushland for Catholic devotional activities. They have aesthetic values at the State level as rare examples of successful integration of constructed and natural features for spiritual purposes. The grottos and their access tracks also have social value at the local level for those priests educated at St Columba’s and the older local parishioners who recall the active use of the site. The once high social values of the site are beginning to be rediscovered by local Catholics.
Date significance updated: 22 Jul 21
Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description

Designer/Maker: Nagel and Nurzety (1909); William Gilroy (1933); Sidney Hirst, Chapel (1960)
Builder/Maker: Wheelwright and Alderton (1909); Butcher (1933)
Construction years: 1909-1909
Physical description: St Columba's College is on a large area of land on the west side of Hawkesbury Road. The college is at the end of a long drive from Hawkesbury Road which is marked by a set of stone gateposts at the south end of the site. On the east of the drive, before reaching the college is the site of the former cottage, Elmhurst. The cottage was destroyed by the 2013 bushfires. St Thomas Aquinas School and Church are on the eastern side of the property.

The college is a group of buildings in a cleared area of bushland . The most prominent of the buildings is the former seminary. To the west of the seminary is the west block which was the original accommodation building for the seminary. A library, originally built as a chapel, is at the east end of the seminary building. 1990's school buildings are located to the east of the chapel. A timber belfry is to the south of the west block. A laundry block is located further east. Playing fields are to the north of the school buildings and seminary and a car park is to the south of the complex. A 3-storey accommodation block is located to the north of the seminary.

West block
The west block is a single storey hipped roof building with gablet vents at the east and west ends. It has an encircling verandah on turned timber columns under the main roof slope.

The walls are buttressed sandstone and the roof is corrugated steel.

High waisted french doors with 2 pane toplights open to the east verandah. Windows are 2 over 2 pane double hung.

Seminary
The seminary building is a 2-storey building with its main entry on the south side through a 3-storey tower. The building has a U-shaped 2 storey arcaded cloister to the east formed by the central, north and south wings. The east side of the cloister is marked by curved colonnades leading to the library. The south wing extends west beyond the central wing. At each end of the south elevation are gabled breakfronts.

The main entry is through a large open archway at the base of the tower into the cloister. The tower is topped by a pyramidal glazed tiled roof with a copper belfry and a cross finial.

The building has rockfaced sandstone walls with decorative lintels to the windows in the tower and below the gables.

A secondary entry porch towards the west end of the south elevation has arched double hung french windows and a pair of 3 panelled doors with a tall arched fanlight.

At the centre of the west wing, facing the courtyard, a gabled breakfront leads to a pair of 4 panelled doors with a leadlight toplight. The floor to the breakfront is paved with tiles. The remainder of the cloister is paved in concrete. Concrete paths lead in a cross formation from the tower entry and the central wing breakfront.

The first floor arcade has a timber balustrade. Paired french doors open to the arcade.

The north wing has brick chimneys with terracotta pots.

A mature Bunya pine is at the east end of the north wing.

Library (former chapel)
A cream brick building with a parapeted gabled roof on an east-west axis. The entry is through the west end, on axis with the central block of the seminary. The building has brick fin buttress and brick piers either side of the entry doors. Apsoidal side chapels are towards the east end of the building.

The windows have sandstone reveals and aluminium windows with leadlight sashes.

Bell Tower
The bell tower is timber framed with timber cross bracing and splayed sides. A pyramidal roof over the bell is made of mini-orb and has wide eaves.

Laundry Block
The laundry block a single storey building is of random coursed rockfaced sandstone and has door openings on the north side. The original roof has been replaced by a flat metal roof.

Gates
A set of sandstone gateposts with wrought steel gates stands at the entry from Hawkesbury Road. The gateposts are square with flat caps with a dentilated corbel The driveway gates have pointed finials. Pedestrian gates are either side of the driveway gates.

St Columba's Grottos and tracks
The grounds of St Columba's contain two highly significant sites of religious pilgrimage. The southern Grotto, at the base of a waterfall, is indicated on the 1:25,000 Springwood map by the notation "6r", the relative height in metres of the cliff over which the waterfall flows. The northern grotto is close to the north-east corner of Portion 56, near the west bank of Springwood Creek. Its location was shown on the earlier editions of the 1:25,000 Springwood sheet with the word "monument", but the third edition, compiled after the removal of the statues and plaques, no longer shows the location.

Lourdes Grotto Track
The track was constructed at some time between 1909 and 1917.

From the St Columba’s (inner) gate an avenue of trees heads eastwards along the southern boundary of an oval towards a raised platform with altars. The Grotto track heads straight downhill, southwards from the edge of the oval clearing. Soon after it crosses a creek there is a branch to a higher track which eventually rejoins the main track above the waterfall. There is terracing supported by dry stone walling where this upper track traverses the edge of the Grotto gully. The lower track branches, with one branch going up to the eastern side of the Grotto (this track has a side track to a cave). Near this branch there are a number of levels of terracing supported by dry stone walling and at least one statue or cross platform. The other branch crosses the creek via a bridge and goes to the western side of the Grotto. The two branches are connected by a track across the dam wall below the statue niche. An indistinct side track from the western branch goes to a cave with a built up floor supported by dry stone walling and with a carved statue platform at the rear.

The remnants of the grottos' constructed features and their associated access tracks have a high level of historical significance and are assessed separately on NPWS SHI form 3900033; and Council's SHI 1173060.
Physical condition and/or
Archaeological potential:
St Columba's College: good
Elmhurst: Archaeological
Gates: Medium - reasonable

Lourdes Grotto (within Lot 3 DP 133438)
Significant erosion and soil loss has occurred on this track, leading to erosion gullies and displacement of some stone steps. The crucifixes at the Stations of the Cross have been destroyed by fire. Wooden bridges are in very poor condition. All statues have been removed. The track above the waterfall has been partly destroyed by bulldozers for a fire trail. The branch track above the main track is overgrown, as is much of the terracing and crucifix sites.

St Josephs / Our Lady of the Way Grotto (within Lot 56 DP 751635)
The unformed track down the ridge is in good condition. Parts of the track beside Blue Gum Swamp Creek are overgrown. All statues and plaques have been removed from the site.
Date condition updated:02 Nov 16
Modifications and dates: Numerous walkways connecting the school buildings and seminary buildings.

Laundry Block
Roof replaced by flat metal roof
Doors and windows replaced

Elmhurst
Metal verandah balustrade
Concrete verandah floor
eyelid dormer in south and east roofs
Internal slopes of roof sheeted over with flat roof.
Bushfire damaged and demolished 2013

Gates
South gateposts realigned to allow widening of road. Central gateposts relocated behind outer gateposts.

Lourdes Grotto
1927 - erection of Stations of the Cross beside track
1930s? - replacement / repair of wooden bridges
1960s - destruction of part of track above falls by bulldozing for fire trail
1980s - statues removed.

St Josephs Grotto
1953 - replacement of statue of St Joseph with statue of "Our Lady of the Way".
1980s - removal of statue and plaques.
Further information: The Blue Mountains Local Government Area is within the Country of the Darug and Gundungurra peoples and Blue Mountains City Council respects their cultural heritage and deep ongoing connection to this Country.

This inventory sheet documents the European occupation of the site only, and the heritage significance of the place in this context (assessed against the heritage criteria set by the NSW Heritage Council).

This does not therefore, represent a complete history of the place, or represent the perspectives of Darug and Gundungurra Traditional Owners in relation to the colonial impacts on this site. Consultation with Traditional Owners and other Aboriginal stakeholders is required, before Aboriginal Cultural Heritage that may be associated with this place, can be recorded.

Details for Construction Dates:

West block 1909
North Wing 1923; South Wing, 1933
Recreation Hall, 1929
Congregation of Our Lady Help of Christians Convent, 1953
Grotto, 1910
Library (former chapel) 1960
Elmhurst 1894

For Reference - Elmhurst
Elmhurst was a 1 1/2 storey house with a hipped and gabled roof and a bullnosed verandah on the south, east and west extending along the hipped roofed rear wing. Projecting gabled fronts were on the east and west sides. The east gabled front was crossed by the verandah, the west gabled front terminates the verandah. The roof was an M-form hipped roof of corrugated steel and there were brick chimneys with rendered corbels. The bargeboards were simple. The verandah had stop chamfered posts and beams. The walls were tuckpointed red brick.

The house was entered through a 4 panel door with an 8 pane coloured glass toplight and etched glass sidelights on the south elevation. French doors had 8 pane toplights flank the front door. 9 over 1 pane double hung windows were at high level in the gables. The west gabled front had a bay window. A skillion at the north end of the rear wing had an arched entry on the east side and had a skillion outhouse beyond.

Outbuildings to the east of Elmhurst previously included
- a rusticated weatherboard gabled shed on rendered piers.
- a corrugated steel skillion roofed stable with timber log construction and a boarded division
- a gabled brick building with a corrugated roof and exposed rafters.
Current use: High School
Former use: Religious Seminary; Convent

History

Historical notes: The present area of the Catholic school’s property at Winmalee is nearly 500 hectares (1215 acres). Almost exactly half of this consolidated land-holding is the original grant to William Lawson senior, of Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth, made in 1839. After reverting to the crown, the land was owned successively by Sir Henry Parkes, the premier of New South Wales, and Sam Lees, an alderman and mayor of Sydney.

The sub-division of Lees’ property in 1890 did not result in many sales, but about 6 hectares were sold to a man called Ipkendanz, who in 1894 built Elmhurst and established an orchard.

In 1908 Cardinal Moran, Catholic archbishop of Sydney, bought first Elmhurst and then the remainder of Lees’ unsold estate. St Patrick’s Seminary at Manly, opened in 1889, had been the realisation of Moran’s ideal of an Australian priesthood ‘Australian born, of Irish descent, largely Australian trained, but with a Roman gloss’ (O’Farrell 10). By 1909 there were 83 students crowding St Patrick’s and Moran decided to build a junior college at Springwood to relieve the accommodation pressure at Manly.

Father Cregan was instructed to build a suitable seminary, dedicated to St Columba, the Irish monk who had established Iona in Scotland in the sixth century. The architects were Nagle and Nurzety, the contractors Wheelwright and Alderton. The first section, classrooms, dining room and kitchen on the ground floor, dormitories above, was opened in 1909 and the first 26 students admitted in 1910.

Elmhurst, which is 700 metres from the seminary, became a presbytery and staff accommodation, with four students also lodging there in 1913. The orchard established by Ipkendanz was maintained and some degree of self-sufficiency on the 16 hectares of cleared land was encouraged, with a piggery, milch-cows and an apiary. Water was pumped up from a weir across Springwood Creek to the west.

Pressure of numbers, as students numbers reached 60, prompted the building of a new wing in 1923, with extra classrooms and dormitories above, as well as a chapel and a free-standing recreation hall built entirely by the students themselves and completed only in 1929.

In 1933 the courtyard was completed, with its south wing containing more classrooms and dormitories, the Academy Hall and a spire visible from some distance. This 1933 wing was designed by William Gilroy and built by Butcher.

The number of students continued to grow: 100 in 1931, nearly 150 by the 1950s. So a further accommodation wing for students who would after three years go on to St Patrick’s or to Rome, was added in 1958. A new chapel, designed by Sidney Hirst, was constructed in 1960, replacing the cloister which connected the east ends of the north and south wings.

With a sharp decline in candidates for the priesthood in the 1970s, St Columba’s became redundant as a seminary, since St Patrick’s could now accommodate the 40 students remaining at Springwood. St Columba’s Seminary therefore closed in 1978 and reopened in 1979 as St Columba’s High School. This was a non-boarding, co-educational school, which involved considerable changes in the internal fabric of the old residential, all-male institution. The school started with 114 day students and grew rapidly to the present 1000. The former dormitories and the accommodation wing were progressively remodelled between 1986 and 1995 to serve the needs of the school. The 1960 chapel was converted in 1996 into a new school library, dedicated to Doc Joiner.

The separate convent building, housing the Congregation of Our Lady Help of Christians, who had assisted the seminarians since 1926, was erected in 1953.

Grotto Tracks
The southern grotto some 600 metres to the west of the entrance to the College at Kable’s Springs was built about 1910 and dedicated to the Virgin Mary. St Columba's College was opened on 4/10/1909. The first students began study in 1910. Father Joiner wrote in a letter that 'the Bower' was discovered by the students on St. Patrick’s Day 1910. However, this could be a reference to the second (St. Joseph’s) Grotto. In Lourdes France in 1858 visions of the Virgin Mary were experienced by (later Saint) Bernadette. Pope Pius X made February 11 an international Catholic feast day, commemorating this appearance of the 'Immaculate Conception', in 1907.

It appears that, in the early years of St Columba’s, Marian devotion by the teachers and students led to the construction of a replica of the Lourdes Grotto in the seminary grounds and the building of an elaborate walking track to access it. The first dated photograph, by Harry Phillips, was published in 1917. This photo shows an introduced willow tree at the grotto that could well have been planted in about 1910. In 1927 local parishioners erected 14 'Stations of the Cross' along this track with stonework and flower plantings surround 2m high bush pole crosses with the traditional images of Christ's last days attached to the crosses’ intersections.

There was a revival of interest in the Grotto by local and Sydney Catholics after Bernadette's canonisation in 1933.

The Lourdes Grotto track is unique for the amount of stone which has been carried into the site to line the track, probably from the same quarry used for the main building and for the elaborate dry stone walling around the grotto. Two wooden bridges, a 'summer house', extensive exotic plantings and numerous religious statues of saints, angels etc were further additions to the site. The religious significance of the site was revived in 1997, with parish priest Eugene Stockton conducting a 'Ritual of Reconciliation' there.

To the N.E. of the Seminary, on Lot 56, a second grotto, 'St Joseph's' was constructed with a less elaborate track to it. The Catholic Bushwalking Club had been looking for a site for a shrine to the club’s spiritual patron 'Our Lady of the Way' since 1947. Enthusiasm for this project probably rose after Pope Pius XII raised the status of Mary among Catholics with the declaration of the doctrine of 'The Assumption' in 1950. In 1953 St Joseph's Bower became 'Our Lady of the Way Grotto' with an official blessing and the replacement of the statue of St Joseph with a newly commissioned marble statue of Mary. This grotto was 'decommissioned' due to vandalism in 1982. Vandalism at the Lourdes Grotto had been reported since 1923 and eventually its statue was removed.

A new church was recently built on an elevated site above the Hawkesbury Road.

A heritage study for St Columbas was prepared in 1995 (Perumal Murphy WU Pty Ltd).

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)New South Wales themeLocal theme
6. Educating-Educating Education-Activities associated with teaching and learning by children and adults, formally and informally. Secondary Schools-
6. Educating-Educating Education-Activities associated with teaching and learning by children and adults, formally and informally. Religious-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Religion-Activities associated with particular systems of faith and worship Seminaries-

Assessment of significance

SHR Criteria a)
[Historical significance]
St Columba’s has state significance as evidence of the enthusiasm to enter the Catholic priesthood in the late nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century and of the confidence of the church hierarchy to house the aspirant seminarians in such awe-inspiring buildings. Its relationship as a junior college to the even more lordly St Patrick’s at Manly is of high significance in many aspects of the fabric and the education offered at Springwood. The impact of a large educational institution, first of 100 young men and then 1000 young persons, on the 500 hectares of bushland around has also been of high local significance.

The grottos constructed in the grounds of St Columba’s Seminary and their access tracks have historical significance at the State level as examples of elaborate facilities created in bushland for Catholic devotional activities. Whereas re-creations of the Lourdes grotto with statues of the Virgin Mary were common in the grounds of convents and Catholic schools, such constructions associated with relatively remote undisturbed bushland sites adjacent to waterfalls are very rare. The desire to locate the grottos near waterfalls may have been an attempt to associate these sites with the healing waters of Lourdes. The Springwood grottos may be unique in Australia. The southern grotto access track may be Australia’s only example of an outdoor setting for "The Stations of the Cross" comparable with for example the Kepeller Way in Canton Valais, Switzerland. The Grotto access tracks are very rare examples of bushwalking tracks which had a value for Catholics as the locations for journeys of spiritual pilgrimage rather than just recreation.
SHR Criteria c)
[Aesthetic significance]
St Columba's College is a fine example of the Spanish Mission style applied to a religious building. The main seminary building is of very high quality in its design and construction. The strong influence of Spanish monastic architecture is unusual in the Australian context. Various additions to the complex have been undertaken in a highly sensitive manner.

The chapel and its connecting walkways is a good example of late twentieth century ecclesiastical architecture which has been well sited and designed at the east end of the seminary complex.

The Hawkesbury Road gates to the site are a fine set of wrought steel gates with sandstone gateposts providing an important marker for the College. Their realignment has compromised their streetscape quality. Recently they have been moved to a safer and more sympathetic location.

Elmhurst was a good representative Federation bungalow which retained a sense of its original rural setting. Its site is now interpreted as a significant part of the historic grounds.

The Springwood grottos and their access tracks have aesthetic values at the State level. Most bushwalking tracks in NSW have been constructed by paid employees of trusts, government authorities, or private individuals. These workers, mostly with a background in road making or landscaping, operated within financial and time constraints that tended to give the tracks utilitarian rather than aesthetic designs. The Grottos and their access tracks, in contrast, were constructed by unpaid seminarians inspired by spiritual values and relatively unconstrained by time factors. The use of stone flagging on the southern walking track is an example of a very rarely used technique on walking tracks in NSW and the degree of elaboration in the installation of associated devotional features and landscaping is unique in NSW. The integration of natural and constructed features at the Grottos and along the southern access track is of a high order. It reflects the aesthetic values of the seminarians and their teachers in their attempt to create a devotional setting inspired by European models in the Australian bushland, using mostly local natural materials.
SHR Criteria f)
[Rarity]
The Springwood grottos and their access tracks are rare examples of elaborate facilities created in bushland for Catholic devotional activities. They are rare examples of the aesthetic values of the early 20th century seminarians and their teachers who attempted to create an essentially European example of a spiritual site in a natural Australian landscape.
Integrity/Intactness: St Columba's College: high
Elmhurst: Archaeological
Gates: Reasonable
Grotto tracks: overgrown and eroding
The Lourdes Grotto track retains nearly all of the features contributing to its significance with only the loss of the wooden crucifixes and the statues at the Grotto. The track above the waterfall has lost some of its integrity due to widening by bulldozer, involving loss of original stonework in upper sections. The St Joseph’s / Our Lady of the Way Grotto has lost some significance due to the removal of its statue and plaques.
Assessment criteria: Items are assessed against the PDF State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended management:

The 1995 St Columbas Heritage Study may have been incorporated into a current Conservation Plan. The 26 October 2009 Conservation Management Plan by Pamela Hubert heritage architect should be used as a guiding document to inform future development. Grottos and walking tracks Key to Management Priorities Priority 1 - High Priority - to be completed within one year of the adoption of this plan. Priority 2 - Medium Priority - to be completed within 2 to 4 years of the adoption of this plan. Priority 3 - Low Priority - to be completed within 5 to 10 years of the adoption of this plan. Lourdes Grotto 1. Restoration to be carried out after consultation with local Catholic community and Church authorities. (Priority 2) 2. Restoration of original drainage system. (Priority 2) 3. Restoration of original soil levels on track. (Priority 3) 4. Resetting of displaced stone steps. (Priority 2) 5. Clear overgrown sections of track and terraces and crucifix sites. (Priority 3) 6. Replace rotted wood steps, preferably in stone. (Priority 2) 7. Restoration of wooden bridges. (Priority 2) 8. Implement plan for control of exotic vegetation. (Priority 2) 9. Restoration of original walking track width on fire trail section above falls. (Priority 3) 10. Interpretation of site, may include signage - restoration of a crucifix, reinstallation of statue. (Priority 3) St Josephs / Our Lady of the Way Grotto 1. Regular clearing to maintain track alignment. (Priority 2) 2. Interpretation of site with signage. (Priority 3)

Listings

Heritage ListingListing TitleListing NumberGazette DateGazette NumberGazette Page
Local Environmental PlanBlue Mountains Local Environmental Plan 2015WL00126 Mar 21 139 
Local Environmental Plan - LapsedLEP2015WL00121 Dec 15 829 
Local Environmental Plan - LapsedLEP2005WL00107 Oct 05 122 
Heritage study WL001   

Study details

TitleYearNumberAuthorInspected byGuidelines used
Blue Mountains Heritage Study1983WL001Croft & Associates Pty Ltd & Meredith Walker  Yes
Heritage Study Review, Blue Mountains1992WL001Tropman and Tropman  Yes
Blue Mountains Heritage Register Review1999WL001Jack, R. I. for University of SydneyRIJ & PH Yes
Technical Audit BM Heritage Register2008WL001Blue Mountains City CouncilCity Planning Branch No
LEP 1991 Consultant Review2010 Jim Smith  No
Technical Review2010 Heritage Advisor  No
Heritage Review 2016-20172017WL001Blue Mountains City Council  Yes

References, internet links & images

TypeAuthorYearTitleInternet Links
WrittenMichniewicz, Victor1999Saint Columba's: A Walk through History, 1909 to 1999
WrittenO'Farrell, Patrick1998Saint Patrick's College, Manly: A Historical Overview in H. Tanner and Partners, Saint Patrick's Estate, Manly, Conservation Plan, Volume II
WrittenPerumal Murphy WU Pty Ltd1995St Columbas Heritage Study, Report prepared for Blue Mountains City Council.

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

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Data source

The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name: Local Government
Database number: 1170232


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