NSW Fire Brigades Heritage Fleet

Item details

Name of item: NSW Fire Brigades Heritage Fleet
Type of item: Movable / Collection
Group/Collection: Utilities - Fire Control
Category: Fire Control Objects (movable)
Primary address: 1 Museum Drive, Penrith, NSW 2750
Parish: Castlereagh
County: Cumberland
Local govt. area: Penrith
All addresses
Street AddressSuburb/townLGAParishCountyType
1 Museum DrivePenrithPenrithCastlereaghCumberlandPrimary Address

Owner/s

Organisation NameOwner CategoryDate Ownership Updated
Fire and Rescue NSWState Government 

Statement of significance:

The NSW Fire Brigades Heritage Fleet demonstrates the progressive development of the Fire Brigade's pumping appliances and equipment in order to cope with new demands and challenges brought about by a growing and developing city of Sydney. The development of firefighting technology is an ongoing process, which continues today, and these appliances played an important part in that historical process
A number of the appliances have associations with important events and groups during the history of the State of NSW. The Heritage Fleet demonstrates the development of state-of-the-art firefighting technology, from 1841 to 1980. Many provide evidence of great innovation, whilst others constituted a great leap forward from anything the Brigade had previously owned. By virtue of their size and fabric, many of these vehicles are aesthetically pleasing.
This collection is held in high esteem by Fire Engine enthusiasts and retired firefighters. This is evidenced by the care and maintenance carried out by volunteer workers at the Museum of Fire, as well as the numerous articles, which have appeared in various publications. Further evidence of their social significance lies in the participation of some of these vehicles for parades, processions and exhibitions.
The Heritage Fleet is a rich source for research into the development and technology of (now defunct) firefighting appliances from the 1840's until the 1980's.
As a collection, the NSW Fire Brigades Heritage Fleet is rare in terms of its representativeness, as well as its size, whilst many individual items, within the collection, are rare items in their own right.
Date significance updated: 27 Apr 05
Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description

Designer/Maker: Various
Builder/Maker: Various
Physical description: The heritage fleet consists of a range of hand-drawn, horse-drawn and motorised fire engines, spanning almost every decade from the 1840’s till the 1980’s. It includes hose carts, pumpers, ladders, as well as such specialised vehicles as a Carbon Dioxide tender, a mobile canteen, a bushfire tanker, a salvage appliance and hydraulic aerial appliances (snorkel; rescue monitor, etc).

Of the pumpers included in the Fleet, there are examples of: -

- Manual pumpers, which were operated by up to twenty firemen manning pumping shafts located on each side of the vehicle,
- Steam-powered pumpers, &
- Motorised pumpers.

The ladders include: -

- Horse Drawn Curricle ladders from the 1890’s era, &
- Motorised turntable ladders of different eras.

A complete list of the appliances, which comprise the fleet, is shown below.

Date Unknown - 2 x hand drawn Hose Carts (Hand-drawn)
1841-Tilley, 5 inch manual pumper (Horse-drawn)
1869 - Shand Mason, 7 inch manual pumper (Horse-drawn)
1891- Shand Mason, (1000 gals per minute) steam-powered pumper
1893 - Robertson Hose Reel
1898 - Shand Mason Curricle Ladders
1916 - Garford Type 64, chain drive pumper
1926 - Garford Type 15, Hale pumper
1928 - Dennis 500/700 pumper
1929 - Ahrens Fox PS2 pumper
1929 - Morris Magirus Turntable Ladders (1942 Mack Chassis)
1929 - Morris Magirus Turntable Ladders (1929 Dennis Chassis)
1931- Dennis 250/400 pumper
1933 - Dennis 300/400 pumper
1934 - Morris Magirus Turntable Ladders (1974 International Chassis)
1938 - Dennis Ace 350 pumper
1939 - Dennis Big 6 pumper
1942 - Ford 21W Mobile Canteen
1944 - GMC CCKW 6x6 Bushfire Tanker
1949 - Dennis F1 Pumper (Scout Car)
1953 - Merryweather Turntable Ladders (AEC Chassis)
1955 - Dennis F2 Rolls Royce pumper
1959 - Commer R74, forward control pumper
1959 - Morris 5FPM Composite pumper
1966 - Bedford J1 Tamini pumper
1966 - Ford Thames CO2 Tender
1966 - Ford Thames Tamini pumper
1966 - Ford Thames Salvage
1969 - Dennis F44 pumper
1969 - Dennis Jaguar D600 pumper
1969 - Ford D200 pumper
1971 - Dennis Jaguar D600 pumper
1972 - International C1600 pumper
1973 - International 1610A pumper
1974 - Simon Snorkel (ERF Chassis)
1980 - International Rescue Monitor
Physical condition and/or
Archaeological potential:
Physical Condition - Ranges from fair to Excellent ;
Archaeological Potential - Low
Date condition updated:27 Apr 05
Modifications and dates: N/A
Current use: Storage & Exhibition
Former use: Firefighting & Operational Support Appliances

History

Historical notes: Historic Fire Engine Association of Australia / The Museum of Fire.

On Thursday 13th March 1969, a meeting was held at Turramurra, which resulted in the formation of the 'Historic Fire Engine Association of Australia'. The initial membership comprised of Brian Nebenzahl, Ron Franklin Barrie Gillings, Brian Blunt, Gilbert Ashby, George Green, Ron Healey, Robert McCarthy, Ross Murray, Laurie Stewart and Bob Winch. The collective ownership of the association’s fire engines was about fifteen vehicles.

Following the first meeting, the association made contact with the members and staff of the Board of Fire Commissioners. This was the beginning of a long standing relationship and following the second meeting on the 24th July that year, the President of the Board of Fire Commissioners, Mr Len Verrills, was appointed as Patron.

In 1970, the New South Wales Fire Brigades was still using a wide array of fire engines of different vintages. The most modern appliances were the D series Fords, with the Dennis Jaguars arriving in mid 1970. Macks were still ‘front line’ equipment in many stations. Although the norm was closed cabs, there were still plenty of ‘standby’ vehicles, which were almost entirely fitted with pre-war, open-cabbed, Braidwood bodies. These were stored strategically around the suburbs to cover ‘breakdowns’.

In 1971, the association first sought to preserve a first fire engine for specifically for its historic value, and successfully acquired it - a Leyland FT3 pumper. In 1976, the Board of Fire Commissioners officially announced that part of its new Training College complex at Alexandria would be set aside for a Museum, and invited the association to set up and run it. By 1979, the museum was completed, with the installation of the old 1909, Headquarters Switchboard, and the NSW Fire Service Museum became a reality. One year later, four fire engines, which up to that time were under the custodianship of the Museum of Applied Arts and Science, were transferred and delivered to the museum at Alexandria.

In May 1980, it became necessary for the Board to expand the Training College into the space occupied by the museum and sought the associations suggestions on how this might be handled. The solution to the problem was that the Board funded the ‘set-up’ costs and established a lease from the Maritime Services Board for a section of Wharves 4 & 5 at Walsh Bay. About twelve months later, two more bays of the building were sub-leased for the purpose of providing a vehicle workshop area. On January 10th 1981, the new museum opened for business.
"At this stage, the entire staff ... (consisted of) ... volunteers, mostly evenly divided between Board and private owners. As a result of Government decision on a changed use of the wharf, the Museum was obliged to move, in 1984, to No. 7 Wharf, Circular Quay, on a lease renewable yearly, but with no guarantee of permanency because of proposals re Circular Quay Bicentennial Redevelopment. The Board’s Transport Department moved the collection, and the Board met the rental costs for a smaller space." (Fire News, October 1986:18).
"In 1984, a full-time Director was employed. In 1985, the museum began to generate an income, met the salary costs of the Director and nearly broke even financially." (Fire News, October 1986:18). However, later that year, the museum was once again forced to relocate.

In September 1985 the Board of Fire Commissioners approved the underwriting of the re-establishment of the museum in the old Power House at Penrith in an agreement with Elcom. On November 16th 1986, the Museum of Fire was opened for business and officially opened in March 1987.

The NSW Fire Brigades - Heritage Fleet.

The involvement of the NSW Fire Brigades in the preservation of old equipment can be traced back to 1916. During that year, No 4 Shand Mason Steamer was approved for retention as a ‘museum exhibit’. No mention was made as to which museum the engine was destined for. Unfortunately, nothing appears to have eventuated, and the engine disappeared in 1918.

With the withdrawal of the last of the manual engines in the early 1920’s, two were retained, along with the Shand Mason Curricle Ladders, and were subsequently used in parades and demonstrations. Over the years, these vehicles were stored in various fire stations.

During the 1960’s, the Board of Fire Commissioners handed over five fire engines to the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences for custodianship. These included: -

- In October 1961, a 1916 chain-drive Garford, which had survived since the late 1930’s as a converted hose-winder for Volunteer State Championships.

- In 1962 , one of the most significant, engines to be preserved - the 1891 Shand Mason Steamer. After it was replaced by the more modern Ahrens Fox PS2 motorised pumper, it was kept at various stations as a ‘reserve’ or ‘standby’ appliance until after World War 2. In 1962, it was restored by the Board’s workshops and was presented to the Museum of Applied Arts & Sciences, (now called the Powerhouse Museum), for display purposes.

- In 1963, the Ahrens Fox PS2, in September of that year.

In April 1969, the Board retained a Garford Hale pumper, the last of its type to be withdrawn from service.

In 1974, the Board of Fire Commissioners consented to preserve the Dennis Big 6 ‘Funeral Motor', Ford Canteen and ‘Scout Car’, by leasing them to the Historic Fire Engine Association of Australia, in response to their offer to store and care for them.

Since that time, the 'Heritage Fleet' collection has progressively grown, now consisting of thirty-six fire appliances, and this number will continue to increase under the terms of the Museum of Fire, Acquisition & Collection Policy.

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)New South Wales themeLocal theme
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Technology-Activities and processes associated with the knowledge or use of mechanical arts and applied sciences Improving firefighting techniques, equipment and control.-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Transport-Activities associated with the moving of people and goods from one place to another, and systems for the provision of such movements (none)-

Assessment of significance

SHR Criteria a)
[Historical significance]
The NSW Fire Brigades Heritage Fleet demonstrates the progressive development of the Fire Brigade’s pumping appliances and equipment in order to cope with new demands and challenges brought about by a growing and developing city of Sydney. The development of firefighting technology is an ongoing process, which continues today, and these appliances played an important part in that historical process. They are surviving examples of the Fire Brigade’s endeavours to deliver adequate fire protection in the early 20th century.
SHR Criteria b)
[Associative significance]
A number of the appliances, which comprise the Heritage Fleet, have associations with important events and groups during the history of the State of NSW. These associations include such major fires as the Anthony Hordern & Sons fire of 1901, the George Hudson timber yard fire of 1928 and the Goldsbrough Mort wool store fire of 1935. The 1891 Shand Mason Steamer is associated with both the Federation and Centenary of Federation parades of 1901 and 2001 respectively, having participated in both. The 1939 Dennis Big 6 is associated with the inauguration of radio communication on NSW Fire Brigade vehicles, being one of the first, (possibly ‘the’ first), to be fitted with these units. This inauguration was carried out on the 17th November 1948, by the Governor of NSW, Lieutenant-General J. Northcott. The 1942 Mobile Canteen is associated with the now defunct Women’s Fire Auxiliary, formed during the years of World War 2.
SHR Criteria c)
[Aesthetic significance]
The Heritage Fleet demonstrates the development of state of the art firefighting technology over a long period, spanning from 1841 to 1980. It provides evidence of great innovation, as in the example of the 1891 Shand Mason Steamer, where the nineteenth century manufacturer had to overcome technical difficulties associated with the production of so powerful an engine, on a new pattern.
Some of the appliances demonstrate a great leap forward from anything the Brigade had previously owned. An example of this is the 1929 Ahrens Fox, which was unique among NSW Fire Brigade vehicles with its pump, which could be operated as two separate units, each of equal capacity, and its second cooling system, which allowed the operating temperature to be regulated at will. The 1949 Dennis F1 ‘Scout Car’ was the first attempt, by the NSW Fire Brigades, to establish a new standard of body design, incorporating the “safer”, internal seating for the crew.
Many of these vehicles are also aesthetically pleasing, by virtue of their size, and masses of gleaming brass, chrome and ‘fire engine red’ paint.
SHR Criteria d)
[Social significance]
This collection is held in high esteem by Fire Engine enthusiasts and retired firefighters. This is evidenced by the care and maintenance carried out by volunteer workers at the Museum of Fire where it is now located. The social significance of many of these vehicles was recognised by the Board Of Fire Commissioners of NSW, when they gave approval for their retention for 'museum purposes'. The high regard in which these vehicles are held, is also evidenced by the numerous articles, which have appeared in various publications, both from within, as well as from outside the NSW Fire Brigades. Further evidence of their social significance lies in the occasional participation of some of these vehicles for parades, processions and exhibitions. Some of these vehicles are revered for the part they played in Brigade life. For example, the 1939 Dennis Big 6 was the NSW Fire Brigade coffin bearer for ‘brigade funerals’ for many years.
SHR Criteria e)
[Research potential]
The Heritage Fleet is a rich source for research into the development and technology of firefighting equipment and vehicles generally from the 1840’s until the 1980’s. It also provides fine examples of the work and ingenuity of the Board of Fire Commissioners’ workshop tradesmen.

The collection provides opportunities for research into the many, now defunct, designs of firefighting equipment. Examples of this are: -

- Horse drawn fire appliances
- Manually pumped appliances
- Steam powered appliances
- Curricle Ladders

There are also opportunities for research into: -

- Motorised appliances from 1916 till 1980.
SHR Criteria f)
[Rarity]
As a collection, the NSW Fire Brigades Heritage Fleet is rare in terms of its representativeness, covering a large period of time, as well as its size. It comprises approximately two thirds of the collection at the Museum of Fire, Penrith.
Individual items within the collection are rare items in their own right. For example, the horse drawn, manual pumpers are two of only five located in Australia. The 1939 CO2 tender is one of only five designed and used by the NSW Fire Brigades, who were the only brigade in Australia to use such appliances.
Many appliances were the only example of their type to be used by the NSW Fire Brigades, and in some cases, Australia. For example, The 1891 Shand Mason steamer and the Ahrens Fox PS2 were the only vehicles of their type to be imported into Australia.
The high degree of integrity of many of these appliances also adds to their rarity.
SHR Criteria g)
[Representativeness]
The representativeness of the Heritage Fleet as a collection is outstanding due to the high integrity of the majority of the items, of which it is comprised.
It provides excellent examples of different types of firefighting technology from various eras, including almost every decade from the 1840’s till the 1980’s (some of them now defunct).
This outstanding representativeness adds to the collection’s rarity.
Integrity/Intactness: The integrity of the majority of the items which comprise the Heritage Fleet is of a high nature.
Assessment criteria: Items are assessed against the PDF State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended management:

A portion of the Fleet is on display at the Museum of Fire, Penrith with the permission of the NSW Fire Brigades. The remainder is in storage and under the custodianship of the museum.

Listings

Heritage ListingListing TitleListing NumberGazette DateGazette NumberGazette Page
Heritage Act - s.170 NSW State agency heritage registerNSW Fire Brigades Heritage Fleet469017727 Apr 05   

References, internet links & images

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Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

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Data source

The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name: State Government
Database number: 4690177


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