Cockle Creek Railway Underbridge

Item details

Name of item: Cockle Creek Railway Underbridge
Type of item: Built
Group/Collection: Transport - Rail
Category: Railway Bridge/ Viaduct
Primary address: Across Cockle Creek, Cockle Creek, NSW 2284
Local govt. area: Lake Macquarie

Boundary:

North: a line 10 metres from the northern edge of the bridge; South: a line 15 metres from the southern edge of the bridge; East: a line 10 metres east of the vehicular underpass on the eastern shore; West: a line 15 metres west of the vehicular underpass on the western shore. Any proposed development within the vicinity of the listed site should also consider the historic relationship between the listing and its surrounding area.
All addresses
Street AddressSuburb/townLGAParishCountyType
Across Cockle CreekCockle CreekLake Macquarie  Primary Address
Racecourse RoadTeralbaLake Macquarie  Alternate Address
Lake RoadBoolarooLake Macquarie  Alternate Address
Lake RoadArgentonLake Macquarie  Alternate Address

Owner/s

Organisation NameOwner CategoryDate Ownership Updated
TAHE - Sydney TrainsState Government 
TAHE - Sydney TrainsState Government 
TAHE - Sydney TrainsState Government 

Statement of significance:

The Cockle Creek Railway Underbridge has local heritage significance as a local landmark and an attractive example of a mid 20th century double span, overhead braced, Pratt truss rail bridge. In particular, the finish of the base structure is finely crafted which is rare for an engineering structure of this period. Built in 1957 it was the last truss bridge built in the NSW railway network.
Date significance updated: 20 Oct 20
Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description

Designer/Maker: New South Wales Department of Railways
Builder/Maker: New South Wales Department of Railways
Physical description: Cockle Creek Railway Bridge (1957)

CONTEXT
The Cockle Creek Railway Bridge is part of a group of railway structures crossing Cockle Creek between Argenton and Boolaroo. In 1887, a bridge was constructed crossing the creek and a railway station constructed immediately Down line. In 1957, a new bridge and station were constructed south of the existing station and bridge. The earlier bridge was retained for use for the West Wallsend Railway and Cockle Creek Power Station until the 1970s.

COCKLE CREEK RAILWAY BRIDGE
The Cockle Creek Railway Bridge is a steel bridge structure across Cockle Creek at Argenton.
It is a double track, 2-span, riveted steel Pratt truss bridge, painted with a grey micaceous paint. The spans are seated on pairs of rocker bearings, fixed at the east end and sliding at the west end. The trusses have lattice girder cross-bracing in the top chord and in the deck plane. The sliding bearings have 3036 CSC cast into the surface. The trusses are supported on reinforced concrete abutments. At the junction of the two spans is a masonry pier into the creek bed. The lower part of the abutments and pier are finished to resemble ashlar stonework. A dirt track passes under the abutment on the down (eastern) bridge abutment. Similarly, Racecourse Road passes under the abutment of the bridge on the western shore of Cockle Creek.
Physical condition and/or
Archaeological potential:
Cockle Creek Railway Bridge (1957) - Good condition
Date condition updated:11 Jun 09
Modifications and dates: c.1984: Modifications carried out for suspending the 1500 volt DC overhead catenary and the subsequent upgrading of main line tracks.
2020: Bridge refurbishment works
Current use: Railway bridge
Former use: Nil

History

Historical notes: The Main Northern line between Sydney and Newcastle was constructed in two distinct stages and in the earliest years, was worked as two separate railway systems.

The line between Sydney (actually the junction at Strathfield) and the Hawkesbury River was opened on 5 April 1887, with the terminus being on the southern bank of the Hawkesbury River. The line between Newcastle and the northern bank of the Hawkesbury River (near present day Wondabyne) was opened in January 1888.

The line was completed through between Sydney and Newcastle with the opening of the massive bridge over the Hawkesbury River in 1889.

Cockle Creek Railway Station is presently located on the Northern line between Teralba Station and Cardiff Station and is 18km (11 miles) south of Newcastle.

Cockle Creek Railway Station was opened with the opening of the line between Newcastle and Hawkesbury River in January 1888. The line was originally built as ‘single line’ and a small platform was provided at Cockle Creek on the Down side of the line. Cockle Creek is named after the nearby creek of the same name.

South of the station, the line crossed ‘Cockle Creek’ on a steel bridge, built to accept the second track, for when duplication was to be finally completed. Beyond the bridge, a junction was formed, with branch lines heading toward collieries in the West Wallsend area.

By 1891, the line through Cockle Creek had been duplicated and Up and Down side platforms had been built, additional trackwork had been laid in for access to the collieries and to provide a local goods siding. The duplicated main lines then crossed the original bridge, which had been planned. Over the next 22 years, additional trackwork, sidings and a back platform (on the up side) had been provided at Cockle Creek. A number of signal boxes (in different locations to suit various track arrangements) were also provided.

By the mid-1950s, the original bridge (of 1887) was deteriorating and in need of replacement. Accordingly, in 1957, new platforms and station buildings were provided at Cockle Creek in a new location, but only a short distance away from the original station. The main line was deviated from the original formation and this required the construction of a new steel truss bridge over Cockle Creek.

Even though the original platforms were placed out of use, coal trains to and from the West Wallsend collieries continued to use the original bridge, while main line trains used the new platforms and new steel bridge.

Further deterioration in the condition of the original bridge resulted in altered arrangements at Cockle Creek. A new embankment was formed on the Sydney-side of the Cockle Creek Bridge and the tracks from the West Wallsend collieries were re-laid to form a new junction with the main lines on the Sydney-side of the bridge, instead of these trains passing over the original bridge. All trains (both main line and coal trains) then crossed the steel (new) bridge. The original bridge was then placed out of use and the iron plate girders removed.

Electrification of the main line between Gosford and Newcastle was opened in May 1984, an extension of the Sydney-Gosford electrification which had been completed in 1960. The new electrification project involved new or rebuilt platforms, station buildings, footbridges, overbridges and underbridges, line side buildings, sidings and a myriad of structures in that section in order to permit the operation of the wider electric passenger rollingstock and electric locomotives. Accordingly, major upgrading was undertaken at Cockle Creek Railway Station, and that included total replacement of the original station buildings and platforms. The then-existing signal box was also removed, control of the colliery junction beyond the bridge being replaced by a centrally located signal control centre, located near Broadmeadow station.

The new (1957) steel truss bridge carrying the Up and Down main lines, and the coal traffic to and from the nearby collieries remains unaltered apart from modifications carried out for suspending the 1500 volt DC overhead catenary and the subsequent upgrading of main line tracks.

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)New South Wales themeLocal theme
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Transport-Activities associated with the moving of people and goods from one place to another, and systems for the provision of such movements Building the railway network-

Assessment of significance

SHR Criteria a)
[Historical significance]
The Cockle Creek Railway Bridge has local heritage significance as an extant element of a major railway junction and interchange dating from the late 19th century, which included goods sidings, a separate line to West Wallsend Colliery, a back platform (in addition to the two platforms) and various signal boxes. This bridge is also important as an essential part of the Short North line linking Sydney and Newcastle.
SHR Criteria c)
[Aesthetic significance]
The Cockle Creek Railway Bridge has aesthetic significance at a local level as an attractive example of a overhead braced truss bridge dating from the mid 20th century. In particular, the finish of the base structure is finely crafted which is rare for an engineering structure of this period. The bridge is a local landmark.
SHR Criteria g)
[Representativeness]
The Cockle Creek Railway Bridge is a good example of a mid 20th century overhead braced truss double span bridge. It is the last example of this type of bridge constructed on the NSW network.
Integrity/Intactness: The Cockle Creek Railway Bridge has a high degree of integrity.
Assessment criteria: Items are assessed against the PDF State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended management:

1. Conservation principles: Conserve cultural heritage significance and minimise impacts on heritage values and fabric in accordance with the ‘Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Significance’. 2. Specialist advice: Seek advice from a qualified heritage specialist during all phases of a proposed project from feasibility, concept and option planning stage; detailed design; heritage approval and assessment; through to construction and finalisation. 3. Documentation: Prepare a Statement of Heritage Impact (SOHI) to assess, minimise and prevent heritage impacts as part of the assessment and approval phase of a project. Prepare a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) prior to proposing major works (such as new additions, change of use or proposed demolition) at all places of State significance and all complex sites of Local significance. 4. Maintenance and repair: Undertake annual inspections and proactive routine maintenance works to conserve heritage fabric in accordance with the ‘Minimum Standards of Maintenance & Repair’. 5. Movable heritage: Retain in situ and care for historic contents, fixtures, fittings, equipment and objects which contribute to cultural heritage significance. Return or reinstate missing features or relocated items where opportunities arise. 6. Aboriginal, archaeology and natural heritage: Consider all aspects of potential heritage significance as part of assessing and minimising potential impacts, including Aboriginal, archaeology and natural heritage. 7. Unidentified heritage items: Heritage inventory sheets do not describe or capture all contributory heritage items within an identified curtilage (such as minor buildings, structures, archaeology, landscape elements, movable heritage and significant interiors and finishes). Ensure heritage advice is sought on all proposed changes within a curtilage to conserve heritage significance. 8. Recording and register update: Record changes at heritage places through adequate project records and archival photography. Notify all changes to the Section 170 Heritage & Conservation Register administrator upon project completion.

Listings

Heritage ListingListing TitleListing NumberGazette DateGazette NumberGazette Page
Heritage Act - s.170 NSW State agency heritage registerRailcorp S170 Register    

Study details

TitleYearNumberAuthorInspected byGuidelines used
S170 Heritage & Conservation Register Update2009 NSW Department of Commerce  Yes

References, internet links & images

TypeAuthorYearTitleInternet Links
WrittenC. C. Singleton The Short North. The Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin. Various issues.
WrittenExtent Heritage2019Teralba Rail Precinct Heritage Assessment
WrittenJohn Forsyth Line Histories
WrittenRay Love2009Historical Research for RailCorp s170 Update
WrittenState Rail Authority of New South Wales1995How and Why of Station Names. Fourth Edition

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

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Data source

The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name: State Government
Database number: 4800216


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