Towrang Convict Stockade, Associated Sites and Road Formations

Item details


Name of item:	Towrang Convict Stockade, Associated Sites and Road Formations
Other name/s:	Towrang Stockade, Great South Road; Towrang Convict Stockade, Tourang, Towrang stockade reserve, Bridge, Culverts, Powder Magazines and Graves, Old Hume Highway
Type of item:	Archaeological-Terrestrial
Group/Collection:	Law Enforcement
Category:	Convict labour depot
Location:	Lat: -34.7322908781 Long: 149.8283021740
Primary address:	Derrick VC Rest Area Hume Highway, Towrang, NSW 2580
Parish:	Towrang
County:	Argyle
Local govt. area:	Goulburn Mulwaree
Local Aboriginal Land Council:	Pejar

Property description

Lot/Volume Code	Lot/Volume Number	Plan/Folio Code	Plan/Folio Number
LOT	1	DP	1089670
LOT	7002	DP	1125275
LOT	7003	DP	1125275
LOT	7306	DP	1153428
LOT	7307	DP	1153428
LOT	7308	DP	1153428
LOT	1	DP	1169829
LOT	1	DP	1170380
LOT	19	DP	837216
LOT	4	DP	883163
LOT	5	DP	883163
LOT	6	DP	883163

All addresses

Street Address	Suburb/town	LGA	Parish	County	Type
Derrick VC Rest Area Hume Highway	Towrang	Goulburn Mulwaree	Towrang	Argyle	Primary Address

Owner/s

Organisation Name	Owner Category	Date Ownership Updated
TOWRANG STOCKADE TRUST	Community Group

Statement of significance:


	The Towrang Stockade, associated sites and road formations has outstanding significance as a rare, partially intact convict stockade and road side site unaffected by significant development. It reflects the culmination of Governor Darling's systematic identification of roadwork as a form of secondary punishment. Constructed as part of Thomas Mitchell's Great South Road project, the stockade is believed to have held the largest concentration of convicts in southern NSW during its operation and provides insight into the nature of convict life and labour and early road building in NSW.
	Date significance updated: 11 Oct 12
	Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description


Designer/Maker:	Possible association with David Lennox
Builder/Maker:	Convict Gang
Construction years:	1838-1843
Physical description:	The Towrang Convict Stockade and remnant sections of the Great South Road are located on either side of the current Hume Highway around its intersections with Towrang and Carrick Roads, approximately 10km east of Goulburn. The complex comprises: 1.Towrang Convict Stockade (archaeological remains); 2.Powder magazine; 3.Cemetery; 4.Towrang/Lennox Bridge; and 5.Remnant sections of the Great South Road with six surviving culverts. The modern Derrick VC rest area is located on the south side of the Hume Highway among the remnant sections of the Great South Road. 1.TOWRANG CONVICT STOCKADE The archaeological remains of the Towrang Convict Stockade are located to the north of the Hume Highway on the banks of the Wollondilly River. It is thought that the stockade originally contained lock-ups for the convict iron gang involved in constructing the Great South Road and accommodation for the Military personnel supervising their work. Historical documentation indicates that the stockade likely consisted of a series of convict lock-up buildings arranged in a square with parallel rows of military buildings to the north and south. The northern line of buildings comprised six military barracks and stables structures and the southern line of buildings 'eight old huts, cottage, and shed' which was possibly accommodation for the families of military personnel. The square arrangement between them appears to have comprises the portable boxes or timber cells, about 4m square, for the convicts (Berger, 2006:12; Winston-Gregson, 1987:6; Gojak, 2006:11). Archaeological investigations have discovered traces of different elements of these buildings. It appears that many of these buildings were constructed of pise (mud brick) which limits the amount of archaeological evidence on site. It appears that traces of the alignment of the cell buildings and 17 structures survive on site, these include 13 pise buildings, two pole framed stables with cobbled floors, and the Powder Magazine (Winston-Gregson, 1987:6; Gojak, 2006:11). Winston-Gregson (1987; Gojak, 2006:13-14) excavated one of the military buildings at the northern end of the site which revealed a pise building with a stone hearth constructed of dressed and rough stones. The site contained a mixture of domestic material culture including transfer printed ceramics, black bottle glass, clay tobacco pipes, and metal artefacts with a small amount of structural material culture such as nails, spikes, and window glass. 2. POWDER MAGAZINE The powder magazine is an extant stone structure which is partly excavated into the hillside above the Wollondilly River to the north of the stockade. It is constructed of sandstone and shale stonework (in a random rubble fashion) and features a vaulted passageway. Originally, its entrance featured an arch. However, this has now been replaced by a lintel. This building was partly excavated and restored in 1975 by the Towrang Stockade Trust (National Trust Site Card 1976). 3. CEMETERY The small cemetery at the Towrang Stockade is located on a river flat in an otherwise undulating rural countryside. The flat is just east of Towrang Creek and south of the junction of Towrang Creek with Wollondilly River. The cemetery consists of three headstones enclosed in a small area surrounded by a fence of wire, pipe and white painted concrete posts. The monuments, all stelae, face east and are constructed of a fine grained clay-rich sandstone somewhat delaminated and similar to 'Marulan Stone'. However, the stone may also be from Stonequarry Creek at Picton. Other than vandalism, the grave stones are threatened by further erosion of the clay-balls on their rear surfaces. The three extant headstones comprise: A gothic sandstone stele with shoulders with the inscription "Sacred to the memory of Mary Brown who departed this Life the 25th Day of June AD 1841 aged four". A semicircular sandstone stele with cutaway shoulders: The bottom half of the stone is missing and a crack running the full breadth of the stone has been mended. The inscription reads "Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth Whiticker who departed this life June 9, 1841. Aged 33 years". A semicircular sandstone stele with humped shoulders: A white painted metal sign within the grave site has a black inscription which reads: "Sacred to the Memory of John Moxey Private soldier with 20th Regt. who departed this life November the 13th 1838 Aged 38 years. 22 years service. Remember me as you pass by. As you are now son once was I. As I am now so you must be. Prepair (sic) for death to follow me. This stone was erected by his comrades as a token of respect towards a good deserving soldier". 4. TOWRANG/ LENNOX BRIDGE The Towrang or Lennox bridge was built over Towrang creek in 1839 by convict labour. It is likely that the bridge was designed and built under the supervision of the prominent colonial architect David Lennox, but this has not been definitively proven. The bridge is constructed of dressed, coursed sandstone and features a segmental arch. The date '1839' was formerly visible on the keystone which has since been vandalised. (Berger, 2005:7; Gojak, 2006:7) REMNANT SECTIONS OF THE GREAT SOUTH ROAD AND SIX SURVIVING CULVERTS Within the curtilage of the Towrang Convict Stockade parts of the Surveyor General, Sir Thomas Mitchell's Great South Road survive in discrete sections to the south of the current Hume Highway from just west of Towrang Road to just east of Carrick Road. Outside of the curtilage further sections of the road are known to exist further to the east through to Tiyces Lane (Tom Bryant Pers. Comm. 2019). The six extant culverts located along the former Great South Road at Towrang were constructed between 1833 and 1843 by Convict chain gangs. They are all located to the west of the Towrang Bridge over ephemeral creeks. They are numbered by the Towrang Stockade Trust as 1 to 6 from east to west (Burger, 2005:7; Tom Bryant Pers. Comm. 2019). It is possible that there were originally seven culverts in this group. The lost culvert may have been located between the current Culvert No.1 and the Derrick VC rest area (see Burger, 2005:8-9). Culvert No.3 is the only culvert located partially on the north side of the Hume Highway. This culvert is partially covered by the Hume Highway with only its north face being visible. It is thought that its south face is extant beneath the Hume Highway (Berger, 2005:9-10). The culverts are predominately of coursed random rubble shale construction with wing walls and dressed sandstone voussoirs and quoins. They are of different sizes/shapes depending on the nature of the ephemeral creek they span. Culvert 2 is the largest as it spans the widest creek, while Culverts 4-6 have tall elliptical arches as they span deeper gullies. Most of the culverts feature vaulted arches over their openings, however, a few upstream faces have lintels (Berger, 2005:7). Since 1989 the culverts have been the subject of regular conservation works (1998-1999, 2006, 2017).
Physical condition and/or Archaeological potential:	The site is generally in fair to good condition, although several factors have impacted upon the site including: 1. Laying of telecommunication cables through the sites. 2. Damage to grave markers, including vandalism. 3. Erosion of archaeological remains, 4. Exposed artefact scatters at Towrang. Where artefacts are exposed, loss of evidence may occur (Higgenbotham: Vol 2, p56)
	Date condition updated:02 Jun 10
Modifications and dates:	Maintenance as required over many years 1987 Conservation program to culverts 2,3. (John Armes 1998) 1989+ restoration work to bridge, culverts and powder magazine


Current use:	Public reserve, private property
Former use:	Formerly the main road line between Sydney and Melbourne (declared the Hume Highway in 1928)

History

Historical notes:

The Towrang Stockade, bridge, culverts, powder magazine and grave sites are located close to the Wollondilly River and approximately 9.6 kilometres north of Goulburn on the Hume Highway near the Towrang turn-off. It was one of several stockades that were located along the Great South Road approximately 10-11 miles (16-17kms) apart, including Wingello Stockade just east of Marulan. The distance between the stockades, as well as their distance from towns are believed to have allowed the men to easily march to the work site and back 5 miles (8 kms) a day, taking about an hour each way. (Higgenbotham Vol 1, 2010: 57-58)

Prior to European settlement the Goulburn Plains and the Wollondilly River provided native game and fish for a number of the traditional Aboriginal peoples, including the Mulwaree, Tarlo, Burra Burra, Wollondilly, Wiradjuri, Gundungurra, Dharruk, Tharawal, Lachlan, Pajong, Parramarragoo, Cookmal and Gnunawal. The Goulburn region was known as a meeting place rather than being inhabited by just one group of people. Evidence remains of sites where stone tools were made and great corroborees were held until the 19th century. Some known significant sites in the region include areas around the Wollondilly River and Mulwaree Flats.

The Goulburn Plains area was first sited by Europeans in 1798. In 1818 Hamilton Hume, James Meehan and an exploratory party traversed and named the plains. In 1819 Governor Macquarie ordered the construction of the Great South Road (the basis for the Hume Highway) from Picton to the Goulburn Plains. The route first followed the track blazed by Meehan in 1818, and ran generally to the east of the present Hume Highway alignment and via Bungonia. Hume and Hovell's 1824 expedition and the growth of Goulburn saw the road diverted to the west. From that time most traffic travelled across Boxers Creek near the present bridge site and through Goulburn to reach southern NSW and Victoria. Settlers soon followed. The site for the town of Goulburn was gazetted in 1833. (Berger, RTA, 2005:5; DMR, 1976, pp. 17, 23; Morris, 2003, pp. 1-2)

Governor Darling held the office of Governor of the colony from December 1825 until October 1831. He not only improved the civil administration of the colony, but also encouraged exploration and expansion by instigating a road building program for roads that led to the north, south and west of Sydney. Darling's emphasis on roads had already been seen during his short acting Governorship of Mauritius where he initiated a program to improve roads. This program promoted a rise in the use of wheeled vehicles with a lessening of the demand for "slaves" to manually carry goods and palanquins. It also promoted economic development. (Great North Road nomination)

Darling had instructions to assign all convicts capable of reform to settlers and to send the remaining convicts to the penal settlements. The latter proved impossible. Instead he increased the severity of the conditions in the penal settlement and employed hundreds of convicts in chain gangs on road works and other public works. These acts reflected the Bigge Reports of 1822 and 1823 which recommended a great emphasis on punishment in the colony. (Great North Road nomination).

The road gangs soon became viewed as the place for those convicts who were least capable of reform or improvement. They were usually formed by 30 to 60 men with two convict overseers. Some of the gangs worked in irons. Removal from irons was a reward for good behaviour. (Gojak, 2007:6-8)

Darling's roads were designed to form a network radiating from Sydney and were modelled on the great roads of England which radiated from London. The Great South Road was the second of Darling's three roads, running from the Cross Roads south of Liverpool to Goulburn. It commenced with a survey in 1829 by the surveyor Sir Thomas Mitchell. The Great North Road to the Hunter Valley commenced in 1826, and the Great Western Road from Emu Plains to Bathurst in 1830. (Great North Road nomination)

Surveyor General Mitchell resurveyed the road to Goulburn in detail in the early 1830s, and his suggested line between Lupton's Inn and Goulburn was adopted. Construction of the Great South Road, like the other roads, was slowed down by the constant resurveying of the route as better alignments were identified. This reflected the limited early knowledge and exploration of the route. The Great South Road would not reach Yass until the 1850s. (Great North Road nomination)

The Great South Road reached Yass in 1850 and then continued as a track through Gundagai, following the south bank of the Murrumbidgee River, through Lower Tarcutta, Holbrook and via Bowna to Albury. By 1858 it was still described as 'a scarcely formed bullock track with its tottering bridges, rugged steeps and treacherous passes' but it was nevertheless a popular road for coaches. (DMR, 1976, pp. 17, 23; Morris, 2003, pp. 1-2)

THE STOCKADE
By the time the Towrang Stockade was established, the stockade system had been operating for nearly half a century in the colony and was used for housing work gangs in settled areas and along major roads. A system of direct surveillance was used to discourage escape until the 1820s when the sites were generally surrounded by high timber paling fences. This became known as stockading. Stockading was officially abandoned in 1837 and the system returned to direct surveillance by troops, although paling walls were known to exist beyond 1837. (Gojak, 2007:6-8) The road gang was sometimes known as the Marulan Gang after the town being established between the Wingello and Towrang stockades.

The Towrang Stockade became the chief penal camp in the southern district of the newly founded colony of NSW. from about 1838 to 1843 and was noted for its harsh discipline. In 1838 it was reported that Towrang housed seventy men in irons working on the road and twenty one not in irons. Other sources state that the stockade held 250 convicts for most of its history. It is certainly believed to have had the largest concentration of convicts in southern NSW during the period of its operation. The convicts were guarded by soldiers of various British regiments, including the 28th, 31st, 51st and 80th. The first commander of the stockade was Captain J Darley (1833 to 1836), followed by Lieutenant R Waddy (1836-39), Lieutenant R Sherberras (1839), Captain W Houghton Tyssen (1841), Lieutenant W Cookson (1842) and in 1843, the last year of the stockade's operation, Lieutenant Owen Gorman. The stockade is believed to have consisted of a small cottage and a number of huts for the soldiers and their families, together with a garden tended by the military, and huts and boxes or timber cells about 4m square for the convicts further down the Wollondilly River. (Berger - RTA, 2005:12). The huts are believed to have been of wooden and rubble construction. A plan by Surveyor Larmer shows the stockade laid out in a hollow square on the ridge running down to the powder magazine. An additional row of huts were located closer to the river and where a row of rubble heaps were still extant in 1907 while another was located on the upper side of the main quadrangle. (Towrang Stockade Trust)

The stockade is said to have housed men of both short and long sentences. Men with short sentences were assigned to work such as looking after officer's horses and quarters, driving the bullock teams and felling trees. Men with longer sentences were placed on the iron gang responsible for packing and rolling sections of road, building the culverts and other heavy labour. (Towrang Stockade Trust) It is contended that the Harrow Inn opened in 1840 to serve the Stockade, but no other hotel opened at Towrang until 1855, therefore it was probably to serve the traveller rather than any burgeoning village community. (Higgenbotham, 2010:96)

The stockade was closed in 1843, and in 1845 Surveyor Larmer drew up a plan for subdivision and sale of 13 allotments in the area where the stockade was located. Evidence of the stockade was located in Lots 4, 10, 11 and 12 of the subdivision. A stockade is clearly marked in Lot 10. Although Larmer made no mention of the powder magazine or the cemetery, he did note ten buildings and four portable lock ups. Later archaeological inquiry revealed a number of these buildings believed to be convict huts without fireplaces and of pise construction. Physical occupation of the stockade area following subdivision was limited with few known accounts of activity there. (Gojak, 2007:12-14)

POWDER MAGAZINE
The powder magazine was partly excavated under the bank of the Wollondilly river, and is thought to have been used to store the blasting powder used on the road cuttings and for splitting building stone. The upper part of the entrance passage was restored in 1975 but the remainder is in original condition.

CEMETERY
Only three headstones remain in the cemetery, those of Private John Moxey of the 80th Regiment (died 1838 aged 38), Elizabeth Whittacker (died 1841 aged 33) and Mary Brown (died 1841 aged 4). Charles Macalister, in his 1907 publication, claimed that both soldiers and convicts were buried there.

BRIDGE AND CULVERTS
A short distance away from the cemetery, powder magazine and associated archaeological sites are the Towrang Bridge over Towrang Creek, and six extant culverts constructed by convict labourers from the Towrang Stockade as part of the Great South Road. It is believed that prominent colonial bridge designer David Lennox may have designed this bridge, although this has not been proven. He is known to be responsible for Lansdowne Bridge over Prospect Creek at Liverpool and Lapstone Bridge in the Blue Mountains. The Towrang Bridge was built c1836-39. (Access Archaeology 1987; John Armes 1998)

WEIR
A weir located between the powder magazine and the grave sites is claimed to have been one of the first stockade structures built within the stockade area. It has been suggested that it was standard practise for a garrison or military unit to construct a weir on a slow moving creek once a permanent camp was decided upon. However, the physical and documentary evidence does not suport this claim at this time.

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)	New South Wales theme	Local theme
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Other open space-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	River flats-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Changing the environment-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Convict labour-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Convict barracks-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Convict Stockade-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Demonstrating convicts' experiences and activities-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Working for the Crown-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Developing local, regional and national economies-National Theme 3
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of military activities-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Events-Activities and processes that mark the consequences of natural and cultural occurences	Developing local landmarks-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Transport-Activities associated with the moving of people and goods from one place to another, and systems for the provision of such movements	(none)-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Transport-Activities associated with the moving of people and goods from one place to another, and systems for the provision of such movements	Bridging rivers-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Transport-Activities associated with the moving of people and goods from one place to another, and systems for the provision of such movements	Bridge - road-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Transport-Activities associated with the moving of people and goods from one place to another, and systems for the provision of such movements	Building and maintaining public roads-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Building settlements, towns and cities-National Theme 4
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Accommodating convicts-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Stone Wall-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Administering and alienating Crown lands-
5. Working-Working	Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour	Working at enforced labour-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Colonial government-
7. Governing-Governing	Law and order-Activities associated with maintaining, promoting and implementing criminal and civil law and legal processes	Prison colony-
7. Governing-Governing	Law and order-Activities associated with maintaining, promoting and implementing criminal and civil law and legal processes	Policing and enforcing the law-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Vernacular structures and building techniques-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Adaptation of overseas design for local use-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	work of stonemasons-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Architectural styles and periods - colonial vernacular-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with David Lennox, Superintendent of Bridges, engineer-

Assessment of significance


SHR Criteria a) [Historical significance]	The Towrang stockade, associated sites and road formations have state historical significance for their links to Governor Darling's 'Great Roads' plan, which reflected his program of expansion and exploration in the colony. The program also reflected Darling's understanding of the links between a good road system and economic development. The sites also have local and State significance for their part in the development of the area between Marulen and Goulburn and improved communication between Sydney and the southern settlements. The Towrang Stockade also has state historical significance as a physical remnant of stockades constructed in response to the use of chain gangs. The apparent harshness of life at the stockade and numbers of convicts based there reflected implementation of the British Government requirements for harsher punishment in the colony to reinforce the threat of transport as punishment in Britain, and Darling's use of chain gangs for convicts not suitable for placement with settlers.
SHR Criteria c) [Aesthetic significance]	The bridge, culverts and road alignment have landmark qualities. They have ability to provide insight into the nature of convict life, labour and early road building methods and the bridge and culverts demonstrate a fine level of workmanship in stone.
SHR Criteria e) [Research potential]	The stockade and road formations have state significance for their ability to provide evidence of convict era technologies. They also have the potential to yield further information on the cultural values of the region.
SHR Criteria f) [Rarity]	The combination of bridge, road, culverts and the stockade area has state significance as a rare example of convict settlement and industry. The stockade is rare as a still partially intact convict stockade that has not suffered subsequent development.
SHR Criteria g) [Representativeness]	The culverts and bridge have state significance as excellent examples of their construction while the Stockade site is representative of a number constructed for convict road gangs during the building of the road South from Sydney.
Integrity/Intactness:	The integrity of the culverts and Lennox bridge vary depending on their individual histories of alterations and conservations works.
Assessment criteria:	Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended management:

Recommendations

Management Category	Description	Date Updated
Recommended Management	Produce a Conservation Management Plan (CMP)
Recommended Management	Produce an Archaeological Management Plan (AMP)
Recommended Management	Prepare a maintenance schedule or guidelines

Procedures /Exemptions

Section of act	Description	Title	Comments	Action date
57(2)	Exemption to allow work	Standard Exemptions	ORDER UNDER SECTION 57(2) OF THE HERITAGE ACT 1977 Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977. I, the Hon James Griffin MP, Minister for Environment and Heritage, pursuant to subsection 57(2) of the Heritage Act 1977, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales do by this Order, effective at the time of publication in the New South Wales Government Gazette: 1. revoke the order made on 9 November 2020 and published in the Government Gazette Number 318 of 13 November 2020; and 2. grant the exemptions from subsection 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977 that are described in the attached Schedule. The Hon James Griffin MP Minister for Environment and Heritage Signed this 2nd day of June 2022. To view the standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977 click on the link below.	Jun 17 2022

Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977

Listings

Heritage Listing	Listing Title	Listing Number	Gazette Date	Gazette Number	Gazette Page
Heritage Act - State Heritage Register		01905	01 Feb 13	8	267
National Trust of Australia register	stockade
Register of the National Estate	Culverts, stockade

Study details

Title	Year	Number	Author	Inspected by	Guidelines used
Goulburn Mulwaree Archaeological Plan	2010		Edward Higginbotham		No

References, internet links & images

Type	Author	Year	Title	Internet Links
Written	A.H.C.	1998	RNE Database 001120
Written	Gojak, D ( Banksia Heritage + Archaeology)	2006	Towrang Stockade, Country Argyle: An Assessment of Potential Archaeological Impacts
Written	John Armes	1998	NSW State Heritage Inventory Form
Written	Johnson, Frank	2019	Towrang Bridge and Culverts and some notes on their designer / builder	View detail
Written	RTA Environmental Technology Branch (Ian Berger)	2005	Statement of Heritage Impact Proposed widening and intersection improvements on the Hume Highway at Towrang and Carrick Roads
Tourism	Towrang Stockade Reserve Trust, with assistance from the State Library of NSW		The Towrang Stockade (information leaflet)
Written	Winston-Gregson, J (Access Archaeology)	1987	Towrang Stockade Archaeological Investigation

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details)

Data source


The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name:	Heritage NSW
Database number:	5001346
File number:	S90/07411/; EF14/4660

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