Goat Island

Item details


Name of item:	Goat Island
Other name/s:	Me-Mel (the eye)
Type of item:	Landscape
Group/Collection:	Landscape - Cultural
Category:	Other - Landscape - Cultural
Location:	Lat: -33.8521191727 Long: 151.1965523870
Primary address:	, Goat Island, NSW 2477
County:	Cumberland
Local govt. area:	Unincorporated Waterway
Local Aboriginal Land Council:	Metropolitan

Property description

Lot/Volume Code	Lot/Volume Number	Section Number	Plan/Folio Code	Plan/Folio Number
LOT	3		DP	837195

All addresses

Street Address	Suburb/town	LGA	Parish	County	Type
	Goat Island	Unincorporated Waterway		Cumberland	Primary Address

Owner/s

Organisation Name	Owner Category	Date Ownership Updated
National Parks and Wildlife Service	State Government	26 Nov 98

Statement of significance:


	The Colonial Magazine is historically significant as probably the oldest surviving magazine built to store merchant's powder in Australia, evidence of the growing need for storage of privately owned gunpowder in the expanding colony of New South Wales. It has historical associations with its designers, Colonial Architects Edmund Blacket and Alexander Dawson, and despite the loss of original structural arrangement retains some ability to demonstrate its former use as a magazine facility for the storage of gunpowder. The building also has some historical significance as part of the shipbuilding establishment on Goat Island since 1925. The building is aesthetically significant mainly for the technical innovation of its design which departed from the military standard typified by the adjacent Queen's Magazine. The Colonial Magazine is also technically significant for the surviving evidence of its construction and use, and for the archaeological evidence likely to be present beneath and around the building. (Phillips 2000: 53)
	Date significance updated: 24 Mar 00
	Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description


Designer/Maker:	Edmund Blacket, Alexander Dawson (Colonial Magazine)
Construction years:	1826-1994
Physical description:	Location: Goat Island is located in Sydney Harbour, west of the Harbour Bridge between McMahons Point and Balmain. Goat Island is a prominent island in Sydney Harbour. There is little vegetation on the island. 6.5 hectares (O'Brien, 1989). Queen's Magazine: At the island's western end. It has 2m thick sandstone walls, designed to hold 3000 barrels of gunpowder (ibid, 1989). Cooperage: adjacent to the Queen's Magazine (ibid, 1989). Harbour Master's Residence: Large Federation style house on the brow of the hill, a 'fine example of its period (1985 MSB conservation report). Square lantern on its roof. Three coloured marble fireplaces inside have been ripped out (ibid, 1989). Other Cottages: Water Police Station (former): At the eastern end of the island is Sydney's earliest surviving water police station (ibid, 1989).
Physical condition and/or Archaeological potential:	Condition of fabric varies from good to poor. Some of the metal in roofs and cranes such as the hammerhead crane is rusting. White ants have attacked some of the timber structures. The archaeological potential of Goat Island is high. Archaeological inv... 1989 - MSB board was aware of vandalism of the historic biuldings. SMH noted a lack of maintenance at present (O'Brien, 1989). Harbour Master's Cottage/Residence - unoccupied for 20 years - windows in roof lantern broken, three coloured marble fireplaces ripped out and fires had been lit inside (ibid, 1989). Water Police Station - walls scribbled with graffiti, floor covered in rubbish, windows broken and roof leaking (ibid, 1989). Queen's Magazine - sandstone walls were showing signs of severe weathering (ibid, 1989).
	Date condition updated:14 Dec 00
Modifications and dates:	Considerable modifications have been made to many of the structures.
Further information:	Many of structures are not in original condition and have been altered or have had major additions added in accordance with the needs of the various occupying authorities.


Current use:	interpretation and education
Former use:	Aboriginal land, gunpowder storage, boat building and maintenance, Arseenal/ Magazine, accommodation, bacteriology station

History

Historical notes:

A quarry, Naval Arsenal or Magazine:
Goat Island has been in continuous use by various government bodies since 1831. Although suggestions had been made as early as 1826 by Governor Darling to utilise convict labour to construct a naval arsenal there, its first use was as a quarry in May 1831 under the direction of the Department of Public Works. Quarrying ceased after protests from Mitchell who had been directed to consider the island and neighbouring shore for defence purposes.

By the early 1830s increasing amounts of gunpowder for public works were in storage in Sydney prompting Governor Bourke to implement Darling's proposal for the construction of an arsenal or magazine on Goat Island. Its convenient location, isolation from the centre of population, ability to be made secure and accessibility for large ships made it an obvious choice. The work was initially supervised by the Commissary, a committee or Board of Works and William Buchanan as Clerk of Works.

Construction began in January 1833 by ironed gangs from the hulk 'Phoenix', who began quarrying to level the ground. In 1834, three portable wooden houses surrounded by a stockade were erected on the island to avoid the loss of time involved in the daily ferrying of the convicts from the hulk. The work went slowly and in May 1835 the foundations were finally commenced. Newly arrived Commanding Royal Engineer George Barney took control of the construction in January 1836 and immediately instructed Thomas Bird to prepare plans of the buildings already underway. In his report to the Inspector General of Fortifications the following month he commented that the plan was defective but that work was so far advanced that work on the buildings would be completed by the end of 1836.

In August 1836 the Legislative Council passed an Act for better regulating the keeping and carriage of gunpowder. Among other things it made the Officers of Ordnance responsible for the custody of gunpowder.

Work was completed in January 1839. During construction, the magazine, cooperage, barrack and convict accommodation, wharf, stone walls, well or tank, garden, water channels, wet ditch and blacksmith's shop had been erected. Most of these structures are still extant.

The Water Police:
In October 1835 the Committee on Police and Gaols recommended that the Water Police be relocated from Longnose Point to Goat Island. This was finally agreed to in January 1837 when Barney proposed the use of convict labour to construct a wet ditch across a small segment of Goat Island. Colonial Architect Mortimer William Lewis prepared a design for the proposed Water Police station which went to tender in June 1838.

The Ordnance or Queen's Magazine on Goat Island was intended to store gunpowder belonging to the British government and by arrangement that owned by the Colonial administration. As a safety measure, the Act William IV, No. 7 of 1836 decreed that privately imported gunpowder in the possession of merchants also had to be stored in government care, pending its use. The Colonial administration arranged that privately owned gunpowder be stored in the Queen's Magazine on Goat Island.

By 1847, the storage of privately owned gunpowder was causing a problem as it was taking up much of the storage space in the magazine. The problem was exacerbated by the 1840s depression which saw many of the private owners bankrupted. This left the Ordnance with a large amount of deteriorating gunpowder which in 1847 the Colonial Architect was requested to remove. The Colonial Secretary instead requested that the Ordnance permit the construction of a Colonial magazine on Goat Island which was refused. An acrimonious correspondence ensued.

The matter was resolved in 1850 when Colonial Architect Edmund Blacket was requested to prepare a plan and estimate for a merchants' gunpowder magazine on Goat Island. Blacket's design abandoned the conventional fireproof barrel vault with its massive walls in favour of a thin-skinned structure with a light roof substantially supported by, and tied to, the interior racking system with conventional windows and shutters at the gable ends. The design was criticised but the administration overruled the objections on the grounds that the design was economic and the construction period would be shorter than using a conventional design. Construction was completed in 1854.

The increase in mining and public works in the second half of the 1850s resulted in an increased demand for gunpowder, which again resulted in the inability of the magazines to cope with storage requirements. This necessitated in the hire of the brig Lady Mary as a temporary floating gunpowder magazine in 1856. In June 1859 it was decided to construct another magazine on Goat Island using Colonial Architect Alexander Dawson's 1856 plan. The design was similar to the Colonial magazine, but introduced an iron roof which again raised concern amongst military men. The magazine was completed in December 1859.

In 1861 the Colonial Secretary raised concerns that the quantity of gunpowder stored on Goat Island was sufficient to 'send half of Sydney to the other world.' A spectacular explosion in a small store of nitro-glycerine in Bridge Street in 1866 further added to this concern. The Water Police were removed from Goat Island in 1865 and the laboratory for cartridge preparation relocated to the Water Police area in 1866. The use of new blasting preparations such as gun-cotton, nitro-glycerine and lithofracteur at this time further exacerbated these concerns as gun-cotton and nitro-glycerine were more susceptible to accidental explosion. New storage facilities were required as far away from the gunpowder as possible. By 1875 a magazine was erected south-west of the cut, with another to follow by 1878. The laboratory again had to be relocated.

In 1875 the Storage of Gunpowder Board raised concerns with the somewhat casual attitude of safety and security on Goat Island and recommended that the merchants gunpowder be removed. From the 1870s - 1890s considerable alterations and additions were made to structures on Goat Island. Little physical evidence of this work survives.

Bacteriology Station:
The outbreak of bubonic plague in 1900 resulted in the hasty removal of personnel and explosives from Goat Island and its conversion to a bacteriology station by the NSW Health Department where serums were prepared and testing conducted for the diagnosis of plague. The land west of the cut was vested in the Governor of NSW.

Maritime Depot:
In 1901 the island was vested in the newly formed Sydney Harbour Trust who had acquired responsibility for Sydney Harbour. The Trust used Goat Island as a depot constructing wharves, berthing facilities, coal-store, 4 cottages, Harbour Masters Residence and workshop as well as making major alterations and additions to the former barrack and cook house. Between 1925 and 1931 the Trust developed a shipyard which consisted of spillways, installation of cranes, rail system and conversion of the Expense Magazine and Colonial Magazine.

The Trust was replaced in 1936 by the creation of the Maritime Services Board which had expanded responsibilities encompassing the entire state. Goat Island was the home of the Board's Fire Brigade during the war and accommodated 26 men and the families of several of the married men. Plans for a community hall were drawn in 1941 and shark-proof swimming baths was erected. Tennis courts had been erected earlier - possibility in 1937.

During the 1940s and 1950s construction of wharf, storage and shipyard facilities were carried out. The island was also a popular centre of social activities such as tennis and dances during this time.

In 1989 the island was 'up for disposal', a Maritime Services Board (MSB) spokesman confirmed. The board plans to move its operations on the island, including ship repair and fire tugs, to Pyrmont within the next year.The island might then be transferred to another government department or be leased, the spokesman said. The board was aware of vandalism of historic buildings and any sale or lease would include provisions to restore its heritage precincts (O'Brien, 1989).

National Park addition:
In May 1994 administrative control of Goat Island was transferred to NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service for incorporation into Sydney Harbour National Park. The National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS)'s Sydney Harbour Islands sub-district office is now located on Goat Island.

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)	New South Wales theme	Local theme
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Environment/Contact: What do we know of the Contact Environment?-Environment (Natural) Control
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Other open space-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Topography: How did the environment, topography and the River influence early settlement? Is there a strong relationship-Peopling the Continent Contact
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Natural - regenerating native flora valued for conservation purposes-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Introduce cultural planting-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Changing the environment-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Cultural: Conserving and protecting natural features-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Cultural - Coasts and coastal features supporting human activities-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Modification of terrain-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Aboriginal cultures and interactions with other cultures-Activities associated with maintaining, developing, experiencing and remembering Aboriginal cultural identities and practices, past and present.	(none)-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Aboriginal cultures and interactions with other cultures-Activities associated with maintaining, developing, experiencing and remembering Aboriginal cultural identities and practices, past and present.	Eora Nation - sites evidencing occupation-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Aboriginal cultures and interactions with other cultures-Activities associated with maintaining, developing, experiencing and remembering Aboriginal cultural identities and practices, past and present.	Eora nation - places of contact with the colonisers-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Demonstrating convicts' experiences and activities-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Working for the Crown-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Housing convicts in communal or shared accommodation-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Convict Stockade-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Commerce-Activities relating to buying, selling and exchanging goods and services	Tourist Industry-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Commerce-Activities relating to buying, selling and exchanging goods and services	Maritime industry shipyards timber yards-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Commerce-Activities relating to buying, selling and exchanging goods and services	Operating a tourism venture-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Significant Places How are significant places marked in the landscape by, or for, different groups-Monuments and Sites
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Sydney and Australian Landmark-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of scenic beauty-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of passive recreation-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of cultural and natural interaction-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of urban amenity-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of industrial production-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of institutions - productive and ornamental-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Events-Activities and processes that mark the consequences of natural and cultural occurences	Developing local landmarks-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Events-Activities and processes that mark the consequences of natural and cultural occurences	Providing a venue for significant events-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Exploration-Activities associated with making places previously unknown to a cultural group known to them.	Exploring and surveying for the Crown-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Exploration-Activities associated with making places previously unknown to a cultural group known to them.	Opening Up, 1818-39-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Industry-Activities associated with the manufacture, production and distribution of goods	(none)-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Industry-Activities associated with the manufacture, production and distribution of goods	Boat Building and Shipwrighting-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Industry-Activities associated with the manufacture, production and distribution of goods	Boat servicing-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Industry-Activities associated with the manufacture, production and distribution of goods	Naval store buildings-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Industry-Activities associated with the manufacture, production and distribution of goods	Shipping-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Industry-Activities associated with the manufacture, production and distribution of goods	Quarrying-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Industry-Activities associated with the manufacture, production and distribution of goods	Maritime related industries-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Industry-Activities associated with the manufacture, production and distribution of goods	Storing materials-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	A Military Town: The Welfare of the Military-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Defending the nation.-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Storing Ordnance-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Naval establishment or involvement-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	State links in a national network-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Defending the homeland-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	British Royal Navy facility-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Arsenal-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Making and repairing ships for naval use-May include Aboriginal battle sites, war memorials.
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	State government-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Sydney's colonial settlement; Shipping-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Colonial government-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - providing fire stations-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Open Space Provision-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	resumption for heritage conservation-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Public works-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - conserving cultural and natural heritage-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - scientific research-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - managing the convict system-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - parks and open spaces-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Campaigning for inclusion in political processes-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Providing public offices and buildings-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - administering a public health system-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - building and operating public infrastructure-
7. Governing-Governing	Law and order-Activities associated with maintaining, promoting and implementing criminal and civil law and legal processes	Prison colony-
7. Governing-Governing	Law and order-Activities associated with maintaining, promoting and implementing criminal and civil law and legal processes	Policing and enforcing the law on the water-
7. Governing-Governing	Welfare-Activities and process associated with the provision of social services by the state or philanthropic organisations	Sanatoria-
7. Governing-Governing	Welfare-Activities and process associated with the provision of social services by the state or philanthropic organisations	Bacteriology station-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Outdoor relief-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Tourism-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Outdoor concerts and performances-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Gathering at landmark places to socialise-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Visiting heritage places-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Activities associated with relaxation and recreation-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Enjoying public parks and gardens-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Going boating and sailing-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Visiting lookouts and places of natural beauty-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with James Rutherford, principal of Cobb and Co. and of Eskbank Iron Works-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Lt.-Col. (Captain) George Barney, soldier, colonial engineer-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Edmund Blacket, Government Architect-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Sir Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Surveyor-General-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Governor (Mjr-Gen., later Gnl., Sir) Ralph Darling and Eliza Darling, 1826-1830-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Bennelong, Eora Nation Aboriginal-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Governor (later Adm.) Arthur Phillip, 1788-1792,-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Mortimer Lewis, Colonial Architect, 1796-1879-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Thomas Bird, architect-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Barangaroo, Eora woman-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with David Collins, judge-advocate of the colony, 1790s-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with William Buchanan, Clerk of Works, Department of Public Works, 1830s-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Alexander Dawson, NSW Colonial Architect 1856-62-

Assessment of significance


SHR Criteria a) [Historical significance]	Goat Island is a harbour island which demonstrates all the phases of use and development from Precontact Aboriginal occupation to the present day. Its almost continuous use since the 1820s for a variety of activities related to the operational management of Sydney Harbour by various government agencies is significant as is its value as part of the historic landscape which now forms Sydney Harbour National Park. . It is the site after 1833 of the first major facility for the storage of ordnance and explosives in both government and private hands. It is also the site of the first permanent establishment of the Water Police in Sydney Harbour. It has associations with Royal Engineer George Barney and Colonial Architect Edmund Blackett. Goat Island was also the emergency centre for bacteriological research during the 1900 outbreak of bubonic plague. After 1901 it was the shipyard and base for port management operations by the Sydney Harbour Trust and its successor the Maritime Services Board.
SHR Criteria c) [Aesthetic significance]	Goat Island is of considerable aesthetic significance. It is one of several prominent Sydney Harbour islands that contribute to the overall beauty and pattern of the harbour. It is visually prominent at the confluence of Port Jackson, Darling Harbour and the Parramatta River. The Queen's magazine's powerful architectural qualities are complemented by the unusual design of the contemporary stone cooperage, barrack buildings and perimeter walling. The use of sandstone and slate enhances the overall aesthetic qualities. The magazine's aesthetic qualities are further enhanced by the topographical setting on the south western edge of the island and by the curved alignment of the stone security wall. The variety, extent and pattern of wharves, is unusual in such a concentration and provides a rich visual interplay between the rhythm of the piles and the rocky foreshore.
SHR Criteria d) [Social significance]	Goat Island is of State, regional and local significance. It is an example of the State's response to the need to provide a safe storage facility and distribution point for both publicly (both Imperial and Colonial) and privately owned explosives. As an island isolated in Sydney Harbour, Goat Island during the Sydney Harbour Trust/ Maritime Services Board periods provided a place for accomodation, work, as a shipyard and operational depot and recreation for a variety of people for a period of over ninety years. It is of local significance for the people who lived and worked on the island and of regional significance for what it can tell us of the living conditions of the people who lived and worked on the island in the 20th century.
SHR Criteria e) [Research potential]	The research and historical archaeological potential of Goat Island are high. It has been continuously occupied since 1833. Its has the ability to demonstrate the layering of use and occupation over a period of 150 years, including those earlier facilities that were adapted for later functions. Surviving physical evidence can demonstrate the life styles and working conditions of a diverse range of occupants and staff on the island, during all phases of development from Pre-European to the late 20th century activities of the Maritime Services Board.
SHR Criteria f) [Rarity]	The architectural qualities of the early stone buildings on the island are remarkable and rare. The Queen's Magazine with its barrel vault, massive external buttressing and carefully detailed ventilation system, is the finest and earliest large powder ma
SHR Criteria g) [Representativeness]	The facilities on the island are representative of the maritime industrial activities that were once common around the inner harbour and the Parramatta River. The variety of cultural and landscape forms and plantings on the island are representative of t
Integrity/Intactness:	Integrity and intactness is high. The structures retain enough of their original fabric to enable their form, function and interrelationships to be easily read and understood.
Assessment criteria:	Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended management:


	Ongoing maintainance and conservation in accordance with conservation plans.

Recommendations

Management Category	Description	Date Updated
Recommended Management	Review a Conservation Management Plan (CMP)
Recommended Management	Prepare a maintenance schedule or guidelines
Recommended Management	Carry out interpretation, promotion and/or education

Procedures /Exemptions

Section of act	Description	Title	Comments	Action date
CMP-Endorse	Conservation Plan submitted for endorsement	Goat Island Conservation Plan, prepared by Schwager Brooks	Conservation Plan endorsed by Heritage Council 1 December 1994, expires 1 December 1999	Dec 1 1994
CMP-Endorse	Conservation Plan submitted for endorsement	Conservation Plan (overview document for the whole island: detailed element CMPs to follow)	Overview CMP endorsed by the Heritage Council 21 March 2000 for a period of five years, expires 21 March 2005.	Mar 21 2000
CMP-Endorse	Conservation Plan submitted for endorsement	Heritage Council Meeting Number 369, 6th April 2011 Item 5.2.1 (Section 38A of Heritage Act).		Apr 6 2011
57(2)	Exemption to allow work	Heritage Act - Site Specific Exemptions	HERITAGE ACT 1977 ORDER UNDER SECTION 57(2) TO GRANT SITE SPECIFIC EXEMPTIONS FROM APPROVAL Goat Island Goat Island, NSW 2477 SHR No. 00989 I, James Griffin, the Minister of Environment and Heritage, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales, in pursuance of section 57(2) of the Heritage Act 1977 (the Act), grant an exemption from section 57(1) of the Act in respect of the engaging in or carrying out of any activities described in Schedule C by the owner, manager or lessee of the land described in Schedule B on the item described in Schedule A. This Order takes effect on the date it is published in the NSW Government Gazette. The Hon. James Griffin MP Minister for Environment and Heritage Dated: 21 December 2022 SCHEDULE A The item known as Goat Island (also known as Me-Mel), situated on the land described in Schedule B. SCHEDULE B The piece or parcel of land known as Lot 3 in DP 837195 in the Parish of Petersham, County of Cumberland as shown on the plan catalogued HC 3012 in the office of the Heritage Council of New South Wales. SCHEDULE C 1.Interpretation: (a)Words and expressions that occur in this Order have the same meanings as they do in the Act, except in so far as the context or subject matter otherwise indicates or requires or as otherwise defined in clause 1. (b)A reference to an Act includes any regulations or rules or instruments made under that Act. (c)This Order prevails in the event of any inconsistency between this Order and an any other order made under sections 57(2) or 139(4) of the Act in relation to the item in Schedule A. Where there is an inconsistency between this Order and the Act, the Act will prevail. (d)A reference to an Act, policy, guideline or document in this Order includes any consolidations, amendments, re-enactments or replacements of any of them. (e)The following definitions apply: i.Aboriginal Object has the meaning given by section 5 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. ii.Archaeological Significance means as described in the Assessing Significance for Historical Archaeological Sites and 'Relics' 2009. iii.CMP means a 'conservation management plan' as defined under section 38A(3) of the Act. iv.Disturbed depth means as defined, mapped or quantified in an Archaeological Management Plan, or where no Archaeological Management Plan exists, 100mm below existing ground level. v.Endorsed CMP means the Goat Island Conservation Management Plan endorsed by the Heritage Council of NSW on 6 April 2011 or any future endorsed CMP. vi.Exemptions means the exemptions set out in clause 2 of Schedule C of this Order. vii.General Conditions means the conditions set out in clause 3 of Schedule C of this Order. viii.Identified Significant Views mean all views identified in an endorsed CMP or Conservation Management Strategy. ix.Material Threshold means as defined by the Material Threshold Policy 2020. x.Relevant Standards means the relevant standards under each of the Exemptions. xi.Significant means an item graded as having exceptional, high or moderate significance, as defined in the endorsed CMP. xii.Non-Significant means an item graded as having little or intrusive significance, as defined in the endorsed CMP. xiii.Significant Fabric means all the physical material of the place/item including elements, fixtures, landscape features, contents, relics and objects which contributes to the item's exceptional, high or moderate heritage significance. xiv.SHR means the State Heritage Register as defined in section 4 of the Act. xv.Standards Exemptions means the order for 'Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities/ works' made under section 57(2) of the Act and published in the NSW Government Gazette. 2. Exemptions: The following specified activities/ works to an item do not require approval under subsection 57(1) of the Act if the specified activities/ works are undertaken in accordance with each of the Relevant Standards and General Conditions prescribed below. EXEMPTION 1: CONSERVATION WORKS AND ACTIVITIES Specified activities/ works: (a)All conservation work and activities clearly identified in the maintenance schedules or schedule of works for the site outlined in the CMP endorsed by the Heritage Council of NSW 6 April 2011 (excluding policies for significant alteration, including the part or full removal of items) and any future endorsed CMP. Relevant Standards: (b)Conservation work should ensure no adverse impact to Significant Fabric. (c)Repairs involving restoration and/or reconstruction must: i.use materials and construction details, equivalent to those used for the Significant Fabric being repaired ii.Appear visually equivalent to Significant Fabric being repaired iii.Repair only what is necessary to maintain the item's or element's Significant Fabric. (d)Activities/ works must be supervised and carried out by people with appropriate heritage knowledge, qualifications, skills and/or experience. EXEMPTION 2: EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSE ACTIVITIES Specified activities/ works: (a)Any emergency management and response activities which may require immediate and urgent action. Relevant Standards: (b)The activities/ works are reasonable and justifiable in the circumstances. (c)The activities/ works are proportionate to the damage the item has suffered and to the risk of further damage. (d)The effects of the activities/ works must be adequately mitigated or remedied. (e)Repairs involving restoration and/or reconstruction must: i.use materials and construction details, equivalent to those used for the Significant Fabric being repaired ii.Appear visually equivalent to Significant Fabric being repaired iii.Repair only what is necessary to maintain the item's or element's Significant Fabric. EXEMPTION 3: WORKS TO NON-SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES Specified activities/ works: (a)Works that do not increase any building's or structure's envelope or the reflectivity of its external materials. Relevant Standards: (b)Activities/works must not incrementally or adversely impact Significant elements or characteristics of the place such as (but not limited to) its: i.setting ii.Tree canopy iii.Curtilage iv.Subdivision v.ownership patterns vi.Remnant Significant Fabric vii.Relics viii.Landscape and natural features ix.Current and historic access routes to or between Significant elements x.Identified Significant Views xi.The capacity for interpretation of its Significance. (c)Activities/ works must be supervised and carried out by people with appropriate heritage knowledge, qualifications, skills and/or experience. (d)Activities/ works must be consistent with the conservation guidelines contained in the endorsed CMP. EXEMPTION 4: REPAIRS TO SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS AND ELEMENTS Specified activities/ works: (a)Repairs involving restoration and reconstruction of internal and external fabric which is damaged, deteriorated or failed including: i.roofing (slate, terracotta or metal sheet roofing, timber shingles) ii.Roof plumbing and rainwater goods iii.Sandstone and/or brickwork iv.Timber structure v.timber flooring vi.External and internal timber linings vii.Sandstone paving viii.Deteriorated plaster ix.Pressed metal wall and ceiling linings x.window and door fabric xi.Fabric damaged by storm or vandalisation or other unforeseen events. Relevant Standards: (b)This exemption does not allow the cumulative replacement of large amounts or a high proportion of the fabric of a building or element. (c)Repairs involving restoration and/or reconstruction must: i.use materials and construction details, equivalent to those used for the Significant Fabric being repaired ii.Appear visually equivalent to Significant Fabric being repaired iii.Repair only what is necessary to maintain the item's or element's Significant Fabric. (d)Representative examples and/or sections of affected fabric should be retained in-situ if safety and space allow. (e)All sound fabric must be conserved in situ. (f)Repairs involving restoration and reconstruction must maximise preservation of Significant Fabric and existing detailing. (g)Replacement of deteriorated or non-compliant fire sprinklers must ensure there is no material impact to Significant Fabric, fixture or form. (h)Activities/ works must be carried out in accordance with the written advice of a suitably qualified and experienced professional. (i)Activities/ works must be carried out by a suitably qualified person with heritage experience. (j)Only applies to where the material or fabric of an item is damaged and eroded beyond the ability to repair or undertake maintenance and/or repair or maintenance would cause further systemic damage to adjoining Significant Fabric. EXEMPTION 5: MAINTENANCE OF SANDSTONE STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS Specified activities/ works: (a)Repointing of deteriorated sandstone wall mortar using traditional lime/sand mortar. (b)Limewashing and reinstatement of limewash on sandstone walls using traditional lime wash. (c)Removal of acrylic or enamel paints from sandstone walls. Relevant Standards: (d)Activities/ works must be carried out in accordance with the written advice from a suitably qualified professional with appropriate heritage experience. (e)Limewashing can only occur in areas where there is evidence of previous limewashing. (f)Paint removal and limewashing methods must not adversely impact Significant Fabric. (g)Paint removal and limewashing must maximise preservation of Significant Fabric and existing detailing. (h)Does not allow for painting of previously unpainted surfaces or limewashing of surfaces not previously limewashed. (i)Paint removal is only permitted where that paint is identified as non-Significant. EXEMPTION 6: UPGRADES TO EXISTING UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES Specified activities/ works: (a)Upgrades to existing Non-Significant underground infrastructure. Relevant Standards: (b)Only applies to the replacement of services that are contained within existing trenches and pits. (c)Activities/ works must not impact fabric or spaces identified as being Significant in the endorsed CMP. (d)Activities/ works must occur totally within an area of previous disturbance and or outside of areas assessed as having Archaeological Significance. EXEMPTION 7: MAINTENANCE OF EXISTING NON-SIGNIFICANT VISITOR FACILITIES Specified activities/ works: (a)All maintenance of existing Non-Significant visitor facilities including: i.toilets ii.Signage iii.Pathways iv.Fencing v.safety services (including security cameras) vi.Bollards. Relevant Standards: (b)Activities/ works must not involve ground disturbance below known existing disturbed depth. (c)Any installation of safety services (including security cameras) must minimise the number of fixings to external Significant Fabric, where possible. (d)Activities/ works must not impact on fabric or spaces identified as Significant in the endorsed CMP. EXEMPTION 8: MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE SEA WALLS Specified activities/ works: (a)All maintenance and repair of the sea walls. Relevant Standards: (b)Activities/ works must be carried out in accordance with the written advice and under the direction of a suitably qualified professional with appropriate heritage experience. (c)Maintenance and repairs involving restoration and reconstruction must maximise preservation of Significant Fabric including its form and detailing. (d)Repairs involving restoration and/or reconstruction must: i.use materials and construction details, equivalent to those used for the Significant Fabric being repaired ii.Appear visually equivalent to Significant Fabric being repaired iii.Repair only what is necessary to maintain the item's or element's Significant Fabric. (e)Activities/works must not adversely impact Significant Fabric. EXEMPTION 9: PATHWAY MAINTENANCE Specified activities/ works: (a)Any pathway maintenance and repairs. Relevant Standards: (b)Activities/ works must not involve ground disturbance below known existing disturbed depth. (c)Repairs and maintenance must: i.use materials and construction details, equivalent to those used for the Significant Fabric being repaired ii.Appear visually equivalent to Significant Fabric being repaired iii.Repair only what is necessary to maintain the item's or element's Significant Fabric. (d)Re-surfacing must not disturb Significant pathway surfaces, kerb or guttering which may lie underneath. (e)No modification to the dimensions or the alignment of the pathway is permitted. EXEMPTION 10: BUSH REGENERATION ACTIVITIES Specified activities/ works: (a)All bush regeneration activities including soil improvement, mulching, planting (with low staking and a protective decomposable wrap) and surface placed groundwater management objects such as decomposable swales. Relevant Standards: (b)Activities/ works must not involve ground disturbance below known existing disturbed depth. (c)Activities/ works must not obstruct Identified Significant Views to, within and from the item. (d)Activities/ works must not detract from the significance of the item. (e)Activities/ works must not impact on existing vegetation identified as Significant in the endorsed CMP. (f)Activities/ works must be undertaken by a suitably qualified and experienced bush regenerator, horticulturalist or equivalent. EXEMPTION 11: ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION WORK Specified activities/ works: (a)Environmental rehabilitation work including: i.temporary silt fencing ii.Weed removal iii.Rubbish removal. Relevant Standards: (b)Activities/ works must not involve ground disturbance below known existing disturbed depth (except stump-grinding). (c)Temporary silt fencing must be able to be later removed without causing damage to Significant Fabric. (d)Temporary silt fencing may be installed for no longer than 180 consecutive calendar days (inclusive of set-up, pack-down and removal), after which it must be removed or approved under the Act. EXEMPTION 12: TREATMENT OF NON-SIGNIFICANT VEGETATION Specified activities/ works: (a)Manual, mechanical and chemical treatment of Non-Significant vegetation. Relevant Standards: (b)Activities/ works must not involve ground disturbance below known existing disturbed depth (except stump-grinding). (c)Activities/ works must be undertaken by a suitably qualified and experienced horticulturalist. (d)Activities/ works must not impact on existing vegetation identified as Significant in the endorsed CMP. EXEMPTION 13: TEMPORARY INFRASTRUCTURE Specified activities/ works: (a)Temporary infrastructure associated with events, functions and filming. Relevant Standards: (b)Activities/ works must not involve ground disturbance below a depth of 100mm. (c)Temporary infrastructure must be able to be later removed without causing damage to Significant Fabric. (d)Activities/ works must not adversely impact the significance of the item. (e)Activities/ works must not impact fabric or spaces identified as being Significant in the endorsed CMP. (f)Existing public access to the item must be maintained and not restricted. (g)The temporary infrastructure must not be in place for more than 30 consecutive calendar days (inclusive of set-up, pack-down and removal). (h)No further temporary infrastructure may be erected again within the same visual setting under this exemption within a period of 60 calendar days. EXEMPTION 14: EXCAVATION IN AREAS OF NO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Specified activities/ works: (a)Excavation in areas that have been assessed as having no Archaeological Significance or potential. Relevant Standard: (b)Activities/ works must not compromise the structural integrity of any Significant building, structure or landscape elements, as identified in the endorsed CMP. (c)Activities/ works must not adversely impact the significance of an item's or element's Significant Fabric. 3. General Conditions: 1.These General Conditions apply to all of the Exemptions described in clause 2 of Schedule C. 2.The Exemptions do not permit activities/ works above the Material Threshold. 3.The Exemptions do not permit relics or Aboriginal Objects to be damaged, destroyed or removed. If relics are discovered, work must cease in the affected area and the Heritage Council must be notified in writing in accordance with section 146 of the Act. Depending on the nature of the discovery, assessment and an excavation permit may be required prior to the recommencement of work in the affected area. If any Aboriginal Objects are discovered, excavation or disturbance is to cease, and Heritage NSW notified in accordance with section 89A of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. Aboriginal Object has the same meaning as in the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974. 4.The Exemptions do not apply to historic shipwrecks or underwater cultural heritage. 5.Activities/ works that do not fit strictly within these Site Specific Exemptions or the Standard Exemptions will require approval by way of an application under section 60 of the Act. 6.The Heritage Manual 1996 and The Maintenance Series, must be complied with when undertaking any activities/ works. 7.Anything done under the exemptions must be carried out by people with knowledge, skills and experience appropriate to the work (some exemptions require suitably qualified and experienced professional advice/ work). 8.Photographs must be made prior to activities/ works associated with an element's Significant Fabric. 9.Records of any activities/ works carried out under these exemptions must be kept in accordance with the State Records Act 1998 (and subsidiary Regulation and record management policies) for auditing and compliance purposes by the Heritage Council. Where advice of a suitably qualified and experienced professional has been sought, a record of that advice must also be kept.	Jan 13 2023
57(2)	Exemption to allow work	Standard Exemptions	HERITAGE ACT 1977 ORDER UNDER SECTION 57(2) TO GRANT STANDARD EXEMPTIONS FROM APPROVAL I, Penny Sharpe, the Minister for Heritage, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales and under section 57(2) of the Heritage Act 1977: revoke the order made on 2 June 2022 and published in the Government Gazette Number 262 of 17 June 2022; and grant an exemption from section 57(1) of the Act in respect of the engaging in or carrying out the class of activities described in clause 2 Schedule A in such circumstances specified by the relevant standards in clause 2 Schedule A and General Conditions in clause 3 Schedule A. This Order takes effect on the date it is published in the NSW Government Gazette. Dated this 29th day of October 2025 The Hon Penny Sharpe MLC Minister for Heritage For more information on standard exemptions click on the link below.	Nov 7 2025

Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977

Listings

Heritage Listing	Listing Number	Gazette Date	Gazette Number	Gazette Page
Heritage Act - State Heritage Register	00989	02 Apr 99	27	1546
Heritage Act - s.170 NSW State agency heritage register
State Environmental Planning Policy		25 Mar 94
Register of the National Estate		21 Oct 80

Study details

Title	Year	Number	Author	Inspected by	Guidelines used
National Parks & Wildlife Service Section 170 Register			National Parks & Wildlife Service		No

References, internet links & images

Type	Author	Year	Title	Internet Links
Management Plan			Goat Island Conservation Policy and Management Plan
Written
Tourism	Attraction Homepage	2007	Goat Island	View detail
Written	Barwell, David	2018	'Island dream afloat: Exclusive: Hotel planned for Goat Island for indigenous cultural tourism'
Written	Beebe, Ed, Bhatti, Surb, Drapela Midtbo, V., Kinsela, J and Smith, L.	1997	The Harbour Master's Residence: Goat Island, Sydney Harbour National Park. Conservation Plan Final Report, June 1997
Written	Biskupic, S. and Wright, C.	1993	Report on the Goat Island Shipyard
Written	Department of Environment & Heritage	2022	$43 million investment to support return of Me-Mel to Aboriginal community	View detail
Written	Gojak, D	1996	The Magazine Precinct at Goat Island: Archaeological and Architectural Investigations (Draft)
Management Plan	Heritage Council of NSW	1989	Goat Island
Written	Heritage Council of NSW	1990	paper files S90/01920, S90/07167
Written	Heritage Group State Projects DPWS	1997	Archaeological Investigation of the Drainage System Queen's Magazine Goat Island; Draft
Written	Jadwiga Mider, D	1997	Archaeological Assessment & research Design 1839 Barracks and Kitchen, Magazine Precinct. Goat Island
Written	Kerr, James Semple	1985	Goat Island: An analysis of documentary and physical evidence and an assessment of significance
Written	National Parks and Wildlife Service	1993	Goat Island Shipyard Precinct Conservation Plan: Draft Report
Written	National Parks and Wildlife Service	1993	Goat Island Hammerhead Crane Conservation Plan: Draft Report
Written	O'Brien, Geraldine	1989	Sorry Goat needs some loving care
Management Plan	Orwell & Peter Phillips	2000	Colonial Magazine, Magazine Precinct, Goat Island, Conservation Management Plan
Written	Paul Davies Pty Ltd	2011	Goat Island Conservation Management Plan Vol 1	View detail
Written	Rabe, Tom	2022	Permanent spot for Aboriginal flag on Bridge
Written	Rice, Stephen	2022	$43m island handover 'going to wrong people'	View detail
Written	Schwager Brooks and Partners Pty Ltd	1995	Final Report Conservation Plan Residential Precinct Goat Island
Written	Schwager Brooks and Partners Pty Ltd	1993	Goat Island Conservation Plan: Draft Final Report
Written	Schwager Brooks and Partners Pty Ltd	1993	Goat Island Landscape Conservation Plan: Draft Report
Written	Sydney Living Museums	2017	Convict Sydney	View detail
Written	The Koori Mail (unattributed)	2022	Sydney Harbour Island returned	View detail
Tourism	Tourism NSW	2007	Goat Island	View detail

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details)

Data source


The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name:	Heritage NSW
Database number:	5045143
File number:	EF10/13488; 15/6978; 15/16551

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager.

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