Tresco, grounds and trees

Item details


Name of item:	Tresco, grounds and trees
Type of item:	Complex / Group
Group/Collection:	Residential buildings (private)
Category:	Villa
Location:	Lat: -33.8708547151 Long: 151.2305980300
Primary address:	97 Elizabeth Bay Road, Elizabeth Bay, NSW 2011
Parish:	Alexandria
County:	Cumberland
Local govt. area:	Sydney
Local Aboriginal Land Council:	La Perouse

Property description

Lot/Volume Code	Lot/Volume Number	Section Number	Plan/Folio Code	Plan/Folio Number
LOT	52		DP	75888

All addresses

Street Address	Suburb/town	LGA	Parish	County	Type
97 Elizabeth Bay Road	Elizabeth Bay	Sydney	Alexandria	Cumberland	Primary Address

Owner/s

Organisation Name	Owner Category	Date Ownership Updated
	Private

Statement of significance:


	Tresco has National significance for its role as the principal residence of the Captain-in-Charge of HMA Naval Establishments in Sydney from 1903 and as the residence of the Flag Officer-in-Charge of the Royal Australian Navy since 1913. Tresco has State significance as a Victorian villa in the Italianate style which retains its architectural integrity as an intact and rare example of the fine residences that once characterised Macleay Point. It is significant as an example of craftsmanship and construction techniques used in the mid to late nineteenth century and recent conservation and restoration works (1991-1997). The house, garden and waterfront structures make an important contribution to the character of the area, forming a prominent element in the landscape of Elizabeth Bay from the Harbour. The property is associated with prominent Sydney architect Thomas Rowe and George Wesgarth. Rowe designed and constructed the original house in 1867 and Wesgarth was responsible for the only significant additions and alterations - the garden layout and landscape elements in 1883. It is also associated with George Macleay, who was responsible for the subdivision and James Macarthur-Onslow who held title until 1922. It is therefore one of the few surviving original land parcels created in the 1867 subdivision of the Elizabeth Bay Estate at Macleay point and for the unusual manner in which the estate was sold (details taken from Statement of Significance by Graham Brooks & Associates as part of the Executive Summary of the Heritage Assessment - see page in HO file H97/01045/001)
	Date significance updated: 12 Sep 08
	Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description


Designer/Maker:	Thomas Rowe
Builder/Maker:	Thomas Rowe
Construction years:	1867-1883
Physical description:	Site (3300m2 (0.33ha)(Macken, 2017, 4) The site is located to the northern end of Elizabeth Bay Road, Elizabeth Bay. It is a wedge shaped site, occupying a prominent position on Macleay Point sloping down towards Elizabeth Bay. The site is bound on the south by a high stonewall to Elizabeth Bay Road. Both the east and west boundaries are bounded by early brick walls, and towards the Bay are dominated by tall modern apartment buildings (Brooks, 1997, 71). The site has impressive waterfront facilities and a tidal swimming pool (Macken, 2017, 4). Garden A terraced garden to the north of Tresco slopes down to the harbour. The garden features a tall timber mast and a well landscaped and established garden, including four mature fig trees. There is the summerhouse and fernery at the western boundary, as well as concrete and brick pathways, which lead down to the bay, and the former boat pound, boathouse and jetty (Brooks, 1997, 76). The Conservation Plan states there was 'generally a (UK garden designer Humphry) Repton approach of trees, lawn and flower beds' but elements of Victorian fashion were used in constructing the summer house, fernery and flower beds (Rintoul, 1993, 10). Tresco including its grounds and trees, is significant as a substantially intact example of a Victorian waterfront villa and estate. The original Italianate style villa was designed by prominent architect, Thomas Rowe (1867) with later additions by George Westgarth, including garden layout and landscape elements (1883). The property was the principal residence of the Captain-in-Charge of HMAS Naval Establishments in Sydney from 1903 and the Flag Officer-in-Charge of the Royal Australian Navy since 1913. Tresco has further significance in terms of its historic, cultural and social links with the original land grant to Alexander Macleay. From the 1820s period until subdivision in 1867, the grounds were part of Macleay's Elizabeth Bay House estate. Tresco remains as one of the few surviving original land parcels dating from this time of subdivision by George Macleay. Summary of Scheduled items (cultural planting): 3 Moreton Bay figs (Ficus macrophylla); 1 carob bean /St.John's bread (Ceratonia siliqua); 1 American bull bay/ evergreen magnolia (M.grandiflora). Two of the figs are in the lower harbour-side terrace near the northern and southern boundaries. The 3rd is on the north-eastern upper garden terrace near the Villa. This latter fig has a massive, dense canopy. All are between 120-140 years old. The carob bean is in the western (upper front) garden adjacent to the sandstone boundary wall to the public footpath (Elizabeth Bay Road). It is a small, stunted tree, some 120-140 years old, which appears to be in decline, with a past history of heavy pruning. The bull bay / evergreen magnolia is in the western (upper front) garden between the driveway and northern boundary, it is also 120-140 years old, a small stunted tree which appears to be in decline. The Moreton Bay fig on the upper north-east facing terrace is a magnificent tree and one of the most outstanding individual specimens to occur on private property within the City of Sydney LGA. It is significant within the local government area as an individual specimen with special aesthetic, visual, cultural, history and social values. It has achieved massive proportions and its canopy completely dominates the upper eastern terrace lawns of Tresco. It is a particularly prominent specimen in this elevated location on Macleay Point and is clearly visible from many public vantage points around Rushcutters Bay. The other two figs are much smaller and may be associated with later foreshore reclamation works to the property. Nevertheless these two figs have group significance within the overall composition. It is believed that the largest fig, carob bean and bull bay / evergreen magnolia are the last surviving remnants from the former gardens of the Elizabeth Bay House estate (on this site)(Landarc, 2005, 323-4). The carob bean / St.John's bread plant has been grown in Sydney since 1828 (Botanic Gardens) and was available in nursery lists from William Macarthur at Camden Park from 1843. (www.hht.net.au / research /colonial plants database). It was often planted in churchyards and large church-owned estates in the colony. It is now relatively uncommon in the City of Sydney local government area (Landarc, 2005, 324). The bull bay / evergreen magnolia was recorded as 'received at Elizabeth Bay' (house estate) in a list of plants from Camden Park (William Macarthur) in 1836. (www.hht.net.au / research/ colonial plants database). It was a highly prized ornamental tree in the 19th century, and remains a relatively common element of large former gardens throughout the City of Sydney local government area (Landarc, 2005, 324). Villa The total floor area of the existing house is approximately 454m squared. Tresco consists of two storeys, including a basement crawl space, and two driveway entrances. There are two courtyards to the rear of the house, which are separated by a high brick wall. A service courtyard is created by the high brick wall to the south and by the south wing, and a partially enclosed two-storey timber verandah to the west (Brooks, 1997, 71). 13 rooms (Macken, 2017, 4). Tresco is a two-storey pick axed sandstone block building in the Victorian Italianate style. The building has a hipped, slate tiled roof, with a central valley, lead ridge capping, stone chimneys and timber lined boxed eaves. The building comprises of two main sections. The main house, which is largely symmetrical in plan, features two wings to the east and west. A two-storey wing extends to the south, and forms the western boundary of the service courtyard and contains the garage at the rear. The main entrance is on the west through a sandstone portico of Italianate detailing, with a balcony above (Brooks, 1997: p 81). The main house features a central hall and stair, connecting the two levels, with main rooms extending to the north, and smaller rooms to the south, at each level. At ground level, three large living rooms, such as the dining, drawing and billiard rooms, which open out to an enclosed verandah to the north. To the south are the smaller study, library, preparation rooms and toilets. There is cedar joinery throughout, including door and window architraves, skirting, staircases and cupboards, as well as, suspended timber floor, polished floorboards. Each of the main living rooms feature fireplaces, and ornate brass pendant or wall mounted light fittings. (Brooks, 1997: p103) The first floor is divided into two sections. The larger section to the west comprises of four bedrooms, bathrooms and utility room. The eastern section comprises of the master bedroom, dressing room and bathroom, the entrance marked by an arch. There is carpet to bedrooms and hall, lather and plaster ceilings, and ornate cornices and ceiling roses. (Brooks, 1997: p 123) A two-storey wing extends to the south housing at ground level, kitchen and stewards rooms, and a garage to the rear. The wing features a semi enclosed timber posted verandah on the eastern side under the main roof, which provides access to bedrooms at the upper level and into the main house (Brooks, 1997: p 96)
Physical condition and/or Archaeological potential:	The property only underwent minor changes during the naval presence. Alterations included reconfiguration of bedrooms to the main house, rooms to the south and garage, enclosure of the north verandah and installation of plasterboard ceilings to the ground floor rooms of the main house (Brooks, 1997: p 37). Between 1991-97 Tresco was substantially conserved and restored by conservation architects Otto Cserhalmi and Partners. Site works included stabilization of rock overhangs and retaining walls and improvements to site drainage. Works to the house included repairs to the roof and stonewalls, the repair or reinstatement of many of the original internal finishes and fittings. New bathrooms were also installed at this time (Brooks, 1997: p 45).
	Date condition updated:26 Jun 07
Modifications and dates:	1880+, 1883 - the only major additions and alterations - addition of east wing including Billiard Room, children's' dining room, lavatory and two stores on the ground and three bedrooms, dressing room, bathroom and lavatory on the first floor, and a second floor to the kitchen wing in 1883. Westgarth was also responsible for much of the garden design and layout, including the summerhouse, fernery, boat house and boat pound 1991 - Restoration/renovations of the house and grounds commenced, by Otto Cserhalmi & Partners 1997 - Security system installed


Current use:	Suburban residence
Former use:	Aboriginal land, rural estate, Navy housing, private residence

History

Historical notes:

The "Eora people" was the name given to the coastal Aborigines around Sydney. Central Sydney is therefore often referred to as "Eora Country". Within the City of Sydney local government area, the traditional owners are the Cadigal and Wangal bands of the Eora. There is no written record of the name of the language spoken and currently there are debates as whether the coastal peoples spoke a separate language "Eora" or whether this was actually a dialect of the Dharug language. Remnant bushland in places like Blackwattle Bay retain elements of traditional plant, bird and animal life, including fish and rock oysters. With the invasion of the Sydney region, the Cadigal and Wangal people were decimated but there are descendants still living in Sydney today. All cities include many immigrants in their population. Aboriginal people from across the state have been attracted to suburbs such as Pyrmont, Balmain, Rozelle, Glebe and Redfern since the 1930s. Changes in government legislation in the 1960s provided freedom of movement enabling more Aboriginal people to choose to live in Sydney (Anita Heiss, "Aboriginal People and Place", Barani: Indigenous History of Sydney City http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/barani).

The Aboriginal name for Elizabeth Point (just to what would become Tresco's site's north-east) is Gurrajin. The name for Macleay Point (just to what would become Tresco's east) is Yurrandubbee. The name for Elizabeth Bay is Gurrajin (Sydney City Council, 2019).

Elizabeth Bay had been the site of a fishing village established by Governor Macquarie in c.1815 for a composite group of Cadigal people under the leadership of Bungaree (d.1830). Elizabeth Bay had been named in honour of Mrs Macquarie. Sir Thomas Brisbane, Governor 1821-5, designated Elizabeth Bay as the site of an asylum for the insane.

The site for Tresco formed part of the original 54-acre property granted to the Honourable Alexander MacLeay, Colonial Secretary of New South Wales, by Crown grant in 1831. In 1839 MacLeay constructed a stone mansion named Elizabeth Bay House on the property, as well as extensive stables, museums, and a large garden of interesting plants, specimen trees, an orchard and orangery. Financial trouble force Alexander MacLeay to submit to the foreclosure of his mortgage to his son William Sharp in 1845. Upon his death in 1865, the property passed to his brother George, who returned to England (Fox, 1981: p 2).

MacLeay Point was subdivided in 1865 at the direction of George MacLeay. Allotments were sold on a leasehold basis, and a covenant placed over the deeds made it obligatory to build a substantial house to the value of 500 pounds within 5 years. In 1865 (architect Lt. Col.) Thomas Rowe (past-president of the NSW Institute of Architects: Rintoul, 1993, 10) bid and secured lot 48 of the Elizabeth Bay Estate subdivision and was one of the first leaseholders to erect a building. Tresco was constructed by Rowe and completed in 1868. He resided there until 1876 (Brooks, 1997: p 16).

The original house (he built) consisted of a two-storey sandstone house with slate roof, comprising of 13 rooms. There also included notable feature such as a coach house, stable and garden. The original design is described as early Victorian, with seven full-length windows and a small window on the first floor landing.. The entrance portico was Italianate style, an open verandah to the north-overlooking Elizabeth Bay, and a single storey kitchen to the south (Brooks, 1997: p 18).

Thomas Rowe was born in England in 1829 and came to Australia in 1848. He commenced work as an architect in Sydney in 1856, previously working in the building industry. He was an alderman on the Sydney City Council and, later the first mayor of Manly. He founded the Institute of Architects in NSW and was president of the Metropolitan Board of Water Supply and Sewerage (Brooks, 1997: p 22).

The term 'villa' was first used in England in the 17th century, partly from the Latin and Italian 'country house, farm', perhaps derived from the stem of vicus (village). The villa was a country mansion or residence, together with a farm, farm-buildings, or other house attached, built or occupied by a person of some position and wealth. It was taken to include a country seat or estate and later a residence in the country or in the neighbourhood of a town, usually standing in its own grounds. From this is was appropriated by the middleof the 18th century to mean a residence of a superior type, in the suburbs of a town or in a residential district, such as that occupied by a person of the middle class, and also a small, better-class dwelling house, usually detached or semi-detached. The term 'villa garden' was used in the context of Hobart and Sydney residences in the 1830s, and if near the coast or harbour, the appellation 'marine villa' was often applied. Australian origins probably date from the grant conditions applied to Sydney's Woolloomooloo Hill (1827, under Governor Darling), which obligated the construction of villas fulfilling certain conditions... 'with garden like domain, and external offices for stables and domestic economy' (John Buonarotti Papworth, 1825, quoted in James Broadbent's 1997 book, 'The Australian Colonial House'). Many gardens of 19th century villas followed Gardenesque conventions, with garden ornaments often complementing the architecture of the house. The term had acquired such widespread usage by the 1850s that when Jane Loudon issued a new editiion of her husband (John Claudius Loudon)'s 'Suburban Gardener and Villa Companion' (1838) she merely entitled the revised work 'The Villa Gardener' (1850). This coincided with a growing period of suburbanisation in Australia with consequent fostering of the nursery trade... By the 1880s, descriptions of Australian villas implied sufficient room for a lawn on two or three fronts of the residence...(Aitken, 2002, 619-20).

The leasehold passed to William Oswald Gilchrist in 1876 and then to George Charles Westgarth in 1880. Westgarth and family resided at Tresco from 1880 to 1891. William was the first manager of the Australasian Stream Navigation Co. George's second wife was the grand daughter of Sir G.W.D Allen, Lord Mayor of Sydney 1844-5, and several of his 8 children were born at Tresco, including the fourth son Dudley, who presented the original bill of the sale signed by his father in 1880. Westgarth was responsible for the only major additions and alterations to Tresco, which included the construction of an extensive east wing, and a second floor to the kitchen wing in 1883. He was also responsible for much of the garden design and layout, including the summerhouse, fernery, boat house and boat pound (Brooks, 1997: p 24).

Westgarth was to reside at Tresco until 1891, after which time the house was let to various tenants. In 1902 the leasehold was conveyed to The Crown, and management of the property assigned to the NSW and Commonwealth governments. The house was provided to the Admiralty as the official residence of the Captain-in-Charge of H.M.A Navel Establishment in Sydney (Brooks, 1997: p 45).

Since 1903 the Admiralty was in possession of this property (Rintoul, 1993, 10).

In 1913 the leasehold was transferred to The Commonwealth of Australia, however it was not until 1922 that the freehold was also acquired. From 1913 (and thus throughout World Wars I and II) Tresco was the official residence of the Flag Officer-in-Charge of the Royal Australian Navy (Brooks, 1997: p 31), Naval Support Command and is used as a private residence for the current Admiral and his family and as a representational house for entertaining. Conservation and restoration of the house and grounds was commenced in 1991 by Otto Cserhalmi & Partners Conservation Architects and will continue in stages until its completion (Rintoul, 1993, 10).

The property only underwent minor changes during the naval presence. Alterations included the reconfiguration of bedrooms to the main house, rooms to the south and garage, enclosure of the north verandah, and installation of plasterboard ceilings to the ground floor rooms of the main house (Brooks, 1997: p 37). In 1988 the management of Tresco passed to the Defence Housing Authority, of the Department of Defence. Between 1991-97 Tresco was substantially conserved and restored by conservation architects Otto Cserhalmi and Partners. Site works included, the stabilization of rock overhangs and retaining walls, and improvements to site drainage. Works to the house included repairs to the roof and stonewalls, the repair or reinstatement of many of the original internal finishes and fittings. New bathrooms were also installed at this time (Brooks, 1997: p 45).

Tresco has been privately owned since 1997 when the federal government sold it to the Anstee family for $9m and last traded in 2004 when Janette, wife of former art collector and options trader, David Waterhouse, bought it. Since then it has had extensive work, bringing its interiors into the modern era, converting the stables into an office and cellar and adding a one-bedroom apartment above the garage (Macken, 2017, 4; SMH Domain 28/4/2018, 5).

In late 2017 the property was placed on the real estate market.

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)	New South Wales theme	Local theme
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Gardens-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Changing the environment-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Cultural: Cliffs and escarpments influencing human settlement-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Cultural: Conserving and protecting natural features-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Cultural - Coasts and coastal features supporting human activities-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Aboriginal cultures and interactions with other cultures-Activities associated with maintaining, developing, experiencing and remembering Aboriginal cultural identities and practices, past and present.	Aboriginal Culture-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Aboriginal cultures and interactions with other cultures-Activities associated with maintaining, developing, experiencing and remembering Aboriginal cultural identities and practices, past and present.	Cadigal tribe - Eora nation-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Ethnic influences-Activities associated with common cultural traditions and peoples of shared descent, and with exchanges between such traditions and peoples.	Scottish settlers-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Ethnic influences-Activities associated with common cultural traditions and peoples of shared descent, and with exchanges between such traditions and peoples.	English migrants-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Significant Places How are significant places marked in the landscape by, or for, different groups-Monuments and Sites
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Developing local, regional and national economies-National Theme 3
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes and gardens of domestic accommodation-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing public servants and officials-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Adapted heritage building or structure-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	housing (suburbs)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing famous families-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing professional people-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing Sailors on land-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Victorian era residence-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing townsfolk - urban villas-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Gentlemens Villas-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Marine villa-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	A Picturesque Residential Suburb-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	1820s-1850s land grants-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Early land grants-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Surveying by Augustus Alt-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Resuming private lands for public purposes-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Sub-division of large estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Sea Wall-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Changing land uses - from rural to suburban-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Early Sydney Street-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Subdivision of urban estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	19th century suburban developments-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Creating landmark structures and places in suburban settings-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	A Picturesque Residential District-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Garden suburbs-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Suburban Consolidation-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Developing suburbia-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	living in the suburbs-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Gardens - public (parks, reserves)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Developing ports-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Naval establishment or involvement-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Involvement with the First (Great) World War-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Involvement with the Second World War-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Defending the nation.-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Navy housing-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Vernacular structures and building techniques-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - Federation period-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Building in response to climate - bushfires-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Architectural styles and periods - Victorian Italianate-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - 20th century interwar-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - Victorian gardenesque style-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Interior design styles and periods - Victorian-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions.	Ways of life 1850-1900-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions.	Ways of life 1900-1950-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions.	Ways of life 1950-2000-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Alexander Sloane, Riverina pastoralist-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Aaron Muron Bolot, architect-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Governor Sir (later Lord) Augustus F.S.Loftus, 1879-1884+-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Governor (Mjr-Gen., later Gnl., Sir) Ralph Darling and Eliza Darling, 1826-1830-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Thomas Rowe, architect-

Assessment of significance


SHR Criteria a) [Historical significance]	Tresco is of State historical significance as one of the few surviving original land parcels created in the 1867 subdivision of the Elizabeth Bay Estate at MacLeay Point. Many of the other parcels were further subdivided in the 20th century, as a reflection of the high land values of the locality. This Estate was subdivided and sold on a leasehold basis, the freehold title being retained by James Macarthur-Onslow. This is thought to be an unusual form of real estate development for the period. Tresco, its early gardens and features such as the Boat Pound, was one of the first buildings to be constructed after the 1867 subdivision, and survives intact as a rare example of the fine houses built on the subdivided land, most of which have subsequently been demolished. it is therefore one of the few properties in the locality which is able to demonstrate the nature of residential development on prime Harbour front land, as the original large estates were broken up in the later decades of the 19th century. From Brooks 1997:140
SHR Criteria b) [Associative significance]	Tresco is of State significance for its association with the prominent Sydney architect Thomas Rowe, initial leaseholder of the property, who designed and constructed the original building in 1867. Tresco is of State significance as the principal residence of the Captain-in-Charge of H.M.A. Naval Establishments in Sydney from 1903, and as the residence of the Flag Officer-in-Charge of the Royal Australian Navy since 1913.
SHR Criteria c) [Aesthetic significance]	Tresco has aesthetic significance at State level, as a large and impressive mid to late 19th century two storey sandstone villa, in the Victorian Italianate style, which retains its early architectural integrity. The aesthetic significance is reinforced by its prominent setting high on the ridgeline above a fine and extensive waterfront garden, which provides a superb outlook over the inner reaches of Sydney Harbour. The terraced garden makes an important contribution to the special character of the Elizabeth Bay area for its collection of mature trees, particularly the large Moreton Bay fig, early landscape layout, pathways, steps, garden details and waterfront structures. From Brooks 1997:140
SHR Criteria d) [Social significance]	The building has a high level of social significance for personnel of the Royal Australian Navy for its role as the principal residence of the Navy, and the official residence of the Flag Officer-in-Charge of the Royal Australian Navy.
SHR Criteria e) [Research potential]	Tresco has scientific significance for its ability to reveal the quality and complexity of 19th century joinery, plasterwork detailing and colour schemes, in addition to its general construction. While such construction is not unique in Sydney, Tresco is a fine example of craftsmanship and residential construction techniques used in the 19th century. The Boat Pound has scientific significance as a rare survivor, and for its ability t demonstrate construction techniques of late 19th century waterfront structures. Tresco, its outbuildings, gardens and landscape elements have scientific significance as good examples of conservation and restoration works undertaken in the late 20th century. From Brooks 1997:141
SHR Criteria f) [Rarity]	Tresco has State historical significance as a rare surviving example of a fine Victorian villa with an intact curtilage and garden overlooking the Harbour from the upper ridge of MacLeay Point.
Assessment criteria:	Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended management:

Recommendations

Management Category	Description	Date Updated
Recommended Management	Review a Conservation Management Plan (CMP)
Recommended Management	Prepare a maintenance schedule or guidelines
Recommended Management	Carry out interpretation, promotion and/or education

Procedures /Exemptions

Section of act	Description	Title	Comments	Action date
57(2)	Exemption to allow work	Standard Exemptions	HERITAGE ACT 1977 ORDER UNDER SECTION 57(2) TO GRANT STANDARD EXEMPTIONS FROM APPROVAL I, Penny Sharpe, the Minister for Heritage, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales and under section 57(2) of the Heritage Act 1977: revoke the order made on 2 June 2022 and published in the Government Gazette Number 262 of 17 June 2022; and grant an exemption from section 57(1) of the Act in respect of the engaging in or carrying out the class of activities described in clause 2 Schedule A in such circumstances specified by the relevant standards in clause 2 Schedule A and General Conditions in clause 3 Schedule A. This Order takes effect on the date it is published in the NSW Government Gazette. Dated this 29th day of October 2025 The Hon Penny Sharpe MLC Minister for Heritage For more information on standard exemptions click on the link below.	Nov 7 2025

Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977

Listings

Heritage Listing	Listing Title	Listing Number	Gazette Date	Gazette Number	Gazette Page
Heritage Act - State Heritage Register		00780	02 Apr 99	27	1546
Heritage Act - Permanent Conservation Order - former		00780	04 Sep 98	130
Heritage Act - s.130 Order			29 Aug 97	95
Heritage Act - s.130 Order - Lapsed			29 Aug 98
Local Environmental Plan			21 Mar 78
Local Environmental Plan	South Sydney Amending LEP 2000	391	28 Jul 00	97	7003
National Trust of Australia register		10578
Register of the National Estate	Nom. 20/12/1976.	002001	21 Mar 78	AHC

References, internet links & images

Type	Author	Year	Title	Internet Links
Written		1995	Tresco 1868-1995
Written	Aitken, Richard	2002	'Villa Garden' (entry)	View detail
Written	Clive Lucas, Stapleton & Partners	2012	Statement of Heritage Impact, Tresco (new swimming pool, pavilion and verandah extension)
Tourism	Curio Projects P/L	2021	Tresco Site, Elizabeth Bay: Aboriginal Heritage Due Diligence Report
Written	Curio Projects P/L	2021	Tresco Site, Elizabeth Bay: Archaeological Assessment
Written	Graham Brooks & Associates	1997	Heritage Assessment - 'Tresco' 97 Elizabeth Bay Road, Elizabeth
Written	Landarc P/L	2005	City of Sydney Register of Significant Trees - Significant Trees under Private Ownership - 97 Elizabeth Bay Road, Tresco, Elizabeth Bay - summary of scheduled items (cultural planting)(5 trees)	View detail
Written	Lucas Stapleton Johnson Architects (LSJ)(in association with Geoffrey Britton)	2022	Tresco, 97 Elizabeth Bay Road, Elizabeth Bay - Conservation Management Plan
Written	Lucas, Clive OBE and Watts, Peter, AM	2012	Tresco, 97 Elizabeth Bay Road, Elizabeth Bay - Opinion of the Significance of the Garden and on a proposed development (new swimming pool, pavilion and verandah extension)
Written	Rappoport P/L	2011	Tresco - Conservation Management Plan (Lot 52 DP 75888, 97 Elizabeth Bay Road, Elizabeth Bay)
Written	Rappoport P/L	2011	Statement of Heritage Impact - proposed modifications at 97 Elizabeth Bay Road, Elizabeth Bay (Tresco)
Written	Rintoul, Judith	1994	Tresco, Elizabeth Bay	View detail
Written	Sydney City Council	2019	Cartographica - Sydney on the Map

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details)

Data source


The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name:	Heritage NSW
Database number:	5045193
File number:	H97/01045

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