Juniper Hall

Item details


Name of item:	Juniper Hall
Other name/s:	Ormond House
Type of item:	Built
Group/Collection:	Residential buildings (private)
Category:	House
Location:	Lat: -33.8846654829 Long: 151.2268233700
Primary address:	1 Ormond Street, Paddington, NSW 2021
Parish:	Alexandria
County:	Cumberland
Local govt. area:	Woollahra
Local Aboriginal Land Council:	La Perouse

Property description

Lot/Volume Code	Lot/Volume Number	Section Number	Plan/Folio Code	Plan/Folio Number
LOT	201		DP	712817

All addresses

Street Address	Suburb/town	LGA	Parish	County	Type
1 Ormond Street	Paddington	Woollahra	Alexandria	Cumberland	Primary Address

Owner/s

Organisation Name	Owner Category	Date Ownership Updated
National Trust of Australia (NSW)	Community Group

Statement of significance:


	Juniper Hall is an early house (c. 1824-5) on a substantial scale made rare among surviving residences for having been built by an emancipist (Robert Cooper). Most of the fabric including joinery has survived substantially intact from the first half of the century and demonstrates the impact the new fashions of the 1830s had on earlier houses as well as contemporary domestic economy. It has been an early focal point in Paddington and has considerable townscape significance. On several occasions since 1921 local esteem has been a factor in preventing its demolition and redevelopment (Kerr and Menzies, 1982)
	Date significance updated: 14 Oct 10
	Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description


Builder/Maker:	Robert Cooper
Construction years:	1824-1825
Physical description:	Siting: The position of Juniper Hall on top of the Oxford Street ridge line means it has wide views across Sydney Harbour to the north and to Botany Bay to the south (www.dictionaryofsydney.org.). Juniper Hall Garden: During the later 1980s the row of shops facing Oxford Street were demolished and Juniper Hall and its front garden were restored and reinstated (respectively). The National Trust of Australia (NSW) determined that its Garden Committee under the leadership of Annie Ross, were ideally placed to reinstate the garden. Its members worked tirelessly to raise over $100,000 to finance the cost of this project. The perimeter fence was rebuilt, using iron pickets instead of the earlier corrugated iron capped fence - this was a political decision to enable greater views into the preorperty and encourage potential purchase of the front garden by Woollahra Municipal Council for use as public open space (this latter hope did not eventuate). A great quantity of old building rubble was dug out (dozens of cubic meters) and removed from the site. Dozens of cubic meters of non-saline soil were imported from Canberra (to avoid damage to the house's foundations). The Garden Committee completed the garden reinstatement work within a two week period before 26/1/1988, working eight to ten members to a shift, in fierce January heat. The garden reinstatement work aiming to present the garden to its approximate appearance c.1900 took place under the direction of Clive Lucas Stapleton & Partners, with resarch on the original layout and plant material and advice provided by James Broadbent and Michael Lehany, over the summer of 1987-8 in time for the 1/1988 Australian Bicentenniary celebrations. Photographs taken from the period of 'Ormond House' gave the most reliable evidence of the form and extent of the garden, along with important clues remaining in the surviving frament of original ground along hte front of the facade verandah (vestiges of old bitumen and brick-edged rails to the residence's front door). The photographs showed that the western section of the garden was relatively plain and functional, presumably as having been used as the children's and public entrance. The eastern section, used by the Superintendent, was maintained and planted to a higher standard. These differences in treatment have been followed in the layout and planting schemes recreated in 1987. Plants chosen were based on identification from photographs (where possible) and those known from plant nursery catalogues to have been sold by nurseries during that period, with a few substitutions: Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla) in the original location in fhe front of the eastern garden was thought unwise in a smaller, more urban lot and setting, due to its huge scale. This was substituted with a bull bay/southern/evergreen magnolia (M.grandiflora), which has a similar dark, large leaf and the advantange of large white scented flowers. Similarly yuccas (Spanish bayonets/Adam's needle) were thought unwise in grounds expected to be used and accessed by large numbers of people. These were substituted for Kaffir lilies (Clivia sp.). The front grounds were divided in two (in accordance with photographic evidence) by a painted picket fence, as they were when the prorperty was a children's refuge. It was decided to recreate the western garden as a public garden planted to the Victorian taste. This has a path leading directly from one front gate to a front door, flanked by flower beds on either side. Popular plants of the period such as Nile or African lilies (Agapanthus praecox ssp.orientalis), foxgloves (Digitalis purpurea), chrysanthemums, shasta daisies (Argyranthemum maximum), field poppies (Papaver sp.), pinks (Dianthus sp./cv.), Verbena, Kaffir lilies (Clivia miniata) and sage (Salvia sp./cv.) were randomly planted here. Where evidence indicated, the original species was reinstated in the same place (e.g. a pair of Norfolk Island pines (Araucaria heterophylla) as feature trees beside the main path on the lawn, Kaffir lilies and agapanthus clumps either side of the central paths. A buffalo grass lawn was laid between central and perimeter garden beds. The perimeter garden beds were planted with flowering shrubs such as oleanders, Cape plumbago (P.capensis), sky flower (Duranta repens), Indian hawthorn (Raphiolepis sp.), gardenias, jasmine, mock orange (Choisya ternata) and Abelia, well as a flower border containing old-fashioned annuals of the period. A hedge of cypresses was later added along the Ormond Street fence to screen this side of the garden and enclose the space. The former superintendent's garden on the eastern side was recreated with the roundel reinstated in its centre. Paths led from the presumed front gate, around this circular bed, to end at the residence's front door. The rounded bed was edged with English box (Buxus sempervirens) and filled with ubiquitous periwinkle (Vinca major) as indicated in photographs. Within it were planted several shrubs, typical of the era such as lavender, Camellia japonica cv., sweet box (Murraya paniculata), Port wine magnolia (Michelia figo), oleander (Nerium oleander cv.), Cape plumbago, Rothmannia amoena and yesterday-today and tomorrow (Brunfelsia sp.). A large bank of Hydrangea macrophylla was planted along the front verandahs and a mixed shrubbery of Cape plumbago, jasmine and shell ginger plants were planted to screen the eastern boundary (Mayne-Wilson, 1992, 11). A more recent perimeter plantings are a Illawarra plum / plum or brown pine (Podocarpus elatus) and a Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum). Also growing here are some roses, oleander, a Southern/evergreen magnolia/bull bay tree, sweet box and a Himalayan yellow jasmine (Jasminium mesnyi), the latter both on the eastern boundary and a bush along Oxford Street east of the main entry path (Stuart Read, pers.comm., 1/2014)(Stuart Read, pers.comm., 1/2014). Maintenance of the garden was taken over by the Juniper Hall Committee, formed in 1989. It too raised funds, some of which were used to maintain the garden. The greatest source of plants was from donations, helping the recreated garden regain its variety and richness, subject to species being suitable for the period chosen. The grounds at the rear were economically adapted by the Garden Committee from what remained of the old residential flat gardens to form good functional outdoor spaces. Parking demanded by Council was accomodated in the gravelled service area. Since the garden has been maintained by volunteers (all trained horticulturists) and a paid gardener. Some of the fencing shown in early photographs that kept the children out of both gardens has not yet been reinstated (Mayne-Wilson, 2012, 11-13). House: The house is built on a sandstone ridge. It has been an early focal point in Paddington and has considerable townscape significance (Kerr & Menzies, 1982)(www.hha.net.au/juniper-hall). A substantial two-storey Georgian house. It is typical of its period, lacking the elegance of John Verge's design, but following the fashion of its day, in that it has a double front door in the centre flanked by two large windows on each side. The front door and windows are unaltered and the window shutters are still in position. The front door has a fanlight in the simple Georgian position. Cedar bannisters are of simple, pleasing design, leading right up to the attic floor. Most of the fabric including joinery has survived substantially intact from the first half of the century and demonstrates the impact the new fashions of the 1830s had on earlier houses as well as contemporary domestic economy (www.hha.net.au/juniper-hall). Much of the original woodwork has been painted. The house has an extensive cellar and kitchen below. The original house remains clear of later Victorian extensions sympathetic to the original design. (Heritage Office notes). Built to his design, it had 8 rooms, a water closet, large cellar, veranda and balcony in addition to stables, kitchen, laundry and servant's quarters. It features a double front door in the centre flanked by two large windows on each side. The fanlight above the door is of grand proportions and the fluted columns an elegant reminder of the Georgian style so favoured by early colonists. Walls are of simple stuccoed brick standing on a base of local sandstone. Small-paned windows are flanked by shtters and the simple but elegant portico remains (ACNT, 1988).
Physical condition and/or Archaeological potential:	Physical condition is good.
	Date condition updated:28 Feb 00
Modifications and dates:	c1818 100 acre estate granted (in joint title) c1824 house completed 1830s 'fashionable improvements' to house 1852-8 Childrens' home and court established. 1921 erection of a row of six shops along Oxford Street boundary, destroying front garden. Conversion into flats. 1980s demolition of row of shops from 1920s. 1987-8 garden and grounds reinstated using early photogrpahs, records and research. Restoration of the house for diverse (since) uses: antique shop, offices, residence above. 2012 sale of 99 year lease to current holders 2013 restored and now is the home of annual Moran art prizes, administered by the Moran Arts Foundation Ltd. for which Juniper Hall is the headquarters (www.hha.net.au/juniper-hall). Additionally the original 4 rooms on the ground floor are used for portrait and photographic exhibitions, with access by the general public most days of the year. The first floor and attics were to be converted into a residence for family members.


Current use:	residence and shop
Former use:	Aboriginal land, farm estate, residence, destitute and state ward childrens' home, probation centre to a children's court, antiques and other shops; flats

History

Historical notes:

Aboriginal Sydney:
When Captain Arthur Phillip and the First Fleet landed, first in Botany Bay and then in Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour), in January 1788, he was met by people who had lived on this land for many thousands of years. At least 1,500 people lived in the area between Botany Bay and Broken Bay and the intermediate coast (Attenbrow, n.d.)

There were two main languages spoken in the Sydney region - Darug and Tharawal. The Darug language had two main dialects - one spoken along the coast and the other in the hinterland (west of present-day Parramatta). Tharawal was spoken to the south of Botany Bay and as far west as the Georges River and possibly Camden (ibid, n.d.)

People belonged to small groups (territorial clans) through which they were spiritually related to specific tracts of land - these clans included the Gadigal, Wanngal, Gamaragal, Wallumedegal and Boromedegal. The suffix 'gal' denotes 'people of', thus, for example, the Gadigal were the people of Gadi (also spelled Cadigal and Cadi respectively) (ibid, n.d.).

The 'district of Gadi' was reported to have stretched from South Head west to 'the cove adjoining this settlement' (Darling Harbour) - an area that would have included Centennial, Moore and Queens Parks. Watkin Tench referred to the Gadigal as 'those who reside in the bay of Cadi'. The 'bay of Cadi' is probably Kutti, the Aboriginal place name recorded for present-day Watsons Bay, and the present name of a small beach in the bay (ibid, n.d.).

The Centennial Parklands Conservation Management Plan contains the following report that provides in depth detail of the pre-colonial history of the lands that are present day Centennial Parklands, which is where the text on this page comes from: Pre-colonial Aboriginal land and resource use in Centennial, Moore and Queens Parks - assessment of historical and archaeological evidence for Centennial Parklands Conservation Management Plan (ibid, n.d.).

Paddington:
This suburb, which took its name from the London borough, lies in what were once paddocks adjacent to Victoria Barracks. It was the first of the early Sydney suburbs that was not self-sufficient - its inhabitants, unlike those of Balmain or Newtown, where work was available in local industries, had to go away each day to their places of employment. Development of the Eastern Suburbs (Edgecliff, Double Bay, Point Piper and Woollahra) surrounded this area with wealthy people's homes so this small hilly suburb lost all hope of harbour views.

The area developed after a road was constructed to link up with a pilot station that was to be built at Watson's Bay (South Head Road). John Palmer, the settlement's commissary, refused to allow people to cross his land grant ('Woolloomooloo'), so the road had to follow a roundabout way through Paddington to bypass his 100 acres.

...only a handful of workers lived in the area, and it was not until 1838, when it was decided to build a new military barracks in Paddington, that life came to the area.

From 1848 when Victoria Barracks had been opened (designed by Lt.-Col.George Barney) and homes for the soldiers and their families had been erected, Paddington began to assume a real identity...The (barracks site) land was sandy - in fact a huge sandhill was located on the western side of the Greens Road area, and the foundation trenches had to be dug very deep, to locate firm stone for the foundations. Stone was mostly quarried in the area: the stone masons were free settlers who had worked on erection of the Customs House at what was then Semi-Circular Quay.

...Once the soldiers and their families moved here, shopkeepers followed. Builders moved into the area and put up 3,800 houses between 1860 and 1890. These terraces give today's Paddington its air of individuality...The first school in the area was opened in the Presbyterian manse in Oxford Street, built in 1845.

Today few of the area's original working class residents remain, as the suburb's proximity to the city has made it popular with business and professional people who prefer inner-city living in this historic area. The shopping centre, concentrated on the north side of Oxford Street, has also changed from one serving local needs to one of cafes, speciality shops and boutiques...Much of this is related to the changing population and the Village Bazaar, or Paddington Markets. The bazaar, which has operated since the mid 1970s, draws visitors from all over the city and has contributed to Paddington's development as one of Sydney's favourite tourist spots, along with Bondi Beach and The Rocks (Pollen, 1988, 195-7).

Juniper Hall:
Juniper Hall is believed to be the oldest surviving mansion from Governor Macquarie's time (www.hha.net.au/juniper-hall).

...It is hard to imagine that in 1822 the mansion Juniper Hall (on the eastern side of Oxford Street opposite the Paddington Reservoir and Paddington Town Hall and Post Office) stood alone, without the many neighbours it has today. Set in a flagged garden, it had attic windows that gave panoramic views to Rushcutters Bay and Botany Bay. Juniper Hall was built for Robert Cooper, (distiller and emancipist merchant, who with partners James Underwood and Francis Ewen Forbes, recieved 100 acres from Governor Brisbane in c.1818, covering the whole of north Paddington, and they agreed to erect 3 mansions and a distillery there. As part of their agreement, the three partners agreed to each take three acres for the erection of their own homes (Dunn, 2008). A distillery was built at the foot of Cascade Street near Taylor Square and Cooper bought out his partners, and only Juniper Hall was erected...The Coopers were part of the social scene of their day and entertained many notables of that time (Pollen, 1988, 195-197).

Robert Cooper (1776-1857) lived a varied life as a gin-distiller, architect, builder, cedar cutter and wealthy London publican. He was transported in NSW in 1813 and granted a conditional pardon in 1818 (Dunn, 2008), by when he was eager to put down roots in the infant settlement, having joined in partnership with Underwood and Forbes, two fellow emancipated convicts.

Cooper is said to have promised his third wife Sarah would have 'the finest house in all the colony' (Dunn, 2008). Together with Sarah May, he built a house big enough to cope with 14 children (reputed to have increased to 20 by the time he died). He built the large two storey house on a large block elevated 61m above Sydney Harbour and Botany Bay (ACNT, 1988, 68). In June 1824 Cooper claimed that he was 'at present building' Juniper Hall and there is evidence of his subsequent occupation of the place by April 1829. No architect is known to be associated with the project but Cooper was himself a part time builder and perfectly capable of producing the comparatively simple design and erecting it with the help of specialist tradesmen.

Cooper built a two storey building with a basement. Four large rooms occupied each floor, while the basement contained the kitchen. To the rear were a coach house, stables and servants' quarters. The position on the top of the ridge line meant it had views across Sydney Harbour to the north and to Botany Bay to the south. He named his new home Juniper Hall, after the juniper berry used in gin's distillation, and recalling Juniper Street, the location of his former distillery in London. Cooper by this time needed a large dwelling, having 14 children from his first two marriages (both wives having died), with another 14 children to come from his union with Sarah (Dunn, 2008).

At the time of Juniper Hall's construction it was one of the largest private houses in Sydney (Griffin & Brown, 2019, 138).

The term 'villa' was first used in England in the 17th century, partly from the Latin and Italian 'country house, farm', perhaps derived from the stem of vicus (village). The villa was a country mansion or residence, together with a farm, farm-buildings, or other house attached, built or occupied by a person of some position and wealth. It was taken to include a country seat or estate and later a residence in the country or in the neighbourhood of a town, usually standing in its own grounds. From this is was appropriated by the middleof the 18th century to mean a residence of a superior type, in the suburbs of a town or in a residential district, such as that occupied by a person of the middle class, and also a small, better-class dwelling house, usually detached or semi-detached. The term 'villa garden' was used in the context of Hobart and Sydney residences in the 1830s, and if near the coast or harbour, the appellation 'marine villa' was often applied. Australian origins probably date from the grant conditions applied to Sydney's Woolloomooloo Hill (1827, under Governor Darling), which obligated the construction of villas fulfilling certain conditions... 'with garden like domain, and external offices for stables and domestic economy' (John Buonarotti Papworth, 1825, quoted in James Broadbent's 1997 book, 'The Australian Colonial House'). Many gardens of 19th century villas followed Gardenesque conventions, with garden ornaments often complementing the architecture of the house. The term had acquired such widespread usage by the 1850s that when Jane Loudon issued a new editiion of her husband (John Claudius Loudon)'s 'Suburban Gardener and Villa Companion' (1838) she merely entitled the revised work 'The Villa Gardener' (1850). This coincided with a growing period of suburbanisation in Australia with consequent fostering of the nursery trade... By the 1880s, descriptions of Australian villas implied sufficient room for a lawn on two or three fronts of the residence...(Aitken, 2002, 619-20).

During the 1830s Cooper is likely to have made fashionable improvements to what had rapidly become an old-fashioned house (Pollen, 1988, 195-7).

Cooper left Australia in 1831 with his wife and children for England and let the house to John Kinchela, an Irish lawyer who had arrived in June 1831 to take up the post of Attorney-General in the colony, recommended by his Irish patron, the Marquis of Ormonde. Kinchela renamed the house 'Ormonde Hall' in honour of his patron. Kinchela himself stayed at Ormonde House only until 1838, when the returned Cooper family moved back in. The 'e' was dropped shortly after and to this day the adjacent street is named Ormond Street (Dunn, 2008).

Cooper attempted to enter politics, standing for the first partially elected Legislative Council in 1843. Despite building up to 40 houses for his workers to make them eligible to vote, he failed disastrously, coming last on the ballot. He blamed a sustained campaign against him in the conservative press, who had scrutinised his convict past and colourful career before the courts. In 1849, having over-speculated during that decade, he was declared bankrupt and forced to leave his house once more (Dunn, 2008), mortgaging Ormond House in July 1848 for 1900 pounds.

After the Coopers left the house was renamed 'Ormond House' to dissociate itself from the gin image and passed through many hands (Pollen, 1988, 195-7). Its uses included a private school for girls (ACNT, 1988). In May 1852 Ormond House and land was leased to A.H.H. Stephen and James Comrie. Stephen was the Founding Secretary of the recently formed Society for the Relief of Destitute Children. Up to 130 children called it home during this time (Dunn, 2008).

In 1858 the Society removed the Asylum to the buildings designed for it by Edmund Blacket at Randwick (now the Prince of Wales Hospital). Ormond House was occupied from 1858 to 1884 by a number of lessees or tenants. Cooper died in 1857 and in 1858 Sarah moved back into the house. Before she died in 1863, she refurbished it, possibly with a view to selling. On her death it passed to trustees, who in turn leased it to a variety of charitable and educational organisations, including the NSW Institution for the Deaf and Dumb (1868-72), a ladies' college (1873-9) and the Childrens' Relief Board (1884-5)(Dunn, 2008).

From available photographs it is evident that the layout of Juniper Hall's garden was altered in various minor ways between 1870 and 1920 (Mayne-Wilson, 1992, 11).

In 1877 Ald. John Ely Begg (merchant and Paddington Council alderman)'s son purchased Juniper Hall, which adjoined his father's villa, Olive Bank Villa (downhill to the north-west, on Ormond Street: Stuart Read, observation). By now, Juniper Hall stood on increasingly valuable land on Old South Head Road. In 1878 Begg subdivided the three villa estates (Olive Bank Villa, Engehurst and Ormond House/Juniper Hall), resulting in 89 lots of varying frontages. In the following years, these lots were transformed by a range of terrace house developments stepping down the slopes of the former estates. The creation of Begg Street (now Ormond) saw the partial demolition of (Ormond House/Juniper Hall's neighbouring villa) Engehurst, however Ormond House/Juniper Hall was integrated into the development through the positioning of streets and lanes, while Olive Bank VIlla survived with a reduced garden curtilage (Griffin & Brown, 2019, 138). It is now a childcare centre, on Ormond Street (Stuart Read, observation, 1/7/2020).

In the early 1880s the NSW government adopted a new policy on poor and destitute children which favoured boarding those in Government care with selected foster parents. This meant that a central metropolitan 'home' was needed where such children could be placed pending the selection of a foster home. To this end (a renamed) 'Ormond House' was leased in the first half of 1884 as a 'receiving house' and office for the State Children's Relief Board.

The following year (1885) the NSW government purchased the property for 5,800 pounds and it was to remain in Government ownership for 40 years. During 1891 and 1892 substantial additions were carried out with a large one to the eastern end. This was in a similar style to the original and used as probation office for the Metropolitan Shelter for Children and Children's Court, until 1921 (Dunn, 2008). This was NSW's first Children's Court (Mayne-Wilson, 1992, 11).

In 1921Joe Gardiner, the shoe manufacturer, purchased the property for demolition and redevelopment as flats and shops. There was such a public outcry that he changed his mind and turned the house into flats and built a row of six shops in (completely displacing) its front garden facing Oxford Street. Following Gardiner's bankruptcy the property was acquired by a Melbourne firm, Avrom Investments.

At the end of World War II, an Avrom employee, Elizabeth Randall, was despatched to Sydney as a local manager. Two residents in the building interested her in its history and being a tough campaigner, she defended it successfully against the ravages of The Landlord and Tenant Act, termites, the elements, the Sydney City Council and Avrom. The defence against the last named threat was only achieved by a policy of improvement and rental increases which made Juniper Hall (as she renamed it) a paying proposition; a process which caused some distress to old established and theoretically protected tenants.

Community groups such as the Paddington Society tirelessly campaigned for the conservation of Juniper Hall (Clement, 2014, 18).

In 1981 an Interim Conservation Order was placed over the property. A detailed report on the history of the house and garden was prepared by James Kerr (Mayne-Wilson, 1992, 11).

A development proposal for the property prepared by Wills Denoon was considered by a new owner, Opera House Investments Pty Ltd but on 21 April 1982 ownership was transferred jointly to Manawar Pty Ltd and Golenat Pty Ltd. A development proposal on behalf of the new owners was proposed to convert the building to strata title (Kerr and Menzies, 1982).

In 1983 a Permanent Conservation Order was placed over the property.

In 1984 the State Government gave $750,000 on a dollar for dollar basis to the National Trust towards the purchase and restoration of Juniper Hall. A Trust restoration project demolished the row of shops facing Oxford Street. Following Kerr's recommendations the property was conserved under the direction of Clive Lucas Stapleton & Partners architects (Mayne-Wilson, 1992, 11). The works were completed in the Bicentennary Year 1988, incorporating reception rooms, offices, gallery space, major Australian Children's Museum, a National Trust (NSW) Gift Shop and public refreshment rooms. This was one of 13 historic properties included in 'A Gift to the Nation', sponsored solely by AMATIL Ltd. (ACNT, 1988).

Juniper Hall's front garden was reinstated, aiming to present its approximate appearance c.1900. This work took place by National Trust of Australia (NSW) Garden Committee volunteers under the direction of Clive Lucas Stapleton & Partners, with resarch on the original layout and plant material and advice provided by James Broadbent and Michael Lehany, over the summer of 1987-8 in time for the 1/1988 Australian Bicentenniary celebrations. Photographs taken from the period of 'Ormond House' gave the most reliable evidence of the form and extent of the garden, along with important clues remaining in the surviving frament of original ground along hte front of the facade verandah (vestiges of old bitumen and brick-edged rails to the residence's front door). The photographs showed that the western section of the garden was relatively plain and functional, presumably as having been used as the children's and public entrance. The eastern section, used by the Superintendent, was maintained and planted to a higher standard. These differences in treatment have been followed in the layout and planting schemes recreated in 1987.

Plants chosen were based on identification from photographs (where possible) and those known from plant nursery catalogues to have been sold by nurseries during that period, with a few substitutions: Moreton Bay fig in the original location in the front of the eastern garden was thought unwise in a smaller, more urban lot and setting, due to its huge scale. This was substituted with Magnolia grandiflora, which has a similar dark, large leaf and the advantage of large white scented flowers. Similarly yuccas (Spanish bayonets/Adam's needle) were thought unwise in grounds expected to be used and accessed by large numbers of people. These were substituted for Kaffir lilies (Clivia sp.). The front grounds were divided in two (in accordance with photographic evidence) by a painted picket fence, as they were when the property was a children's refuge. It was decided to recreate the western garden as a public garden planted to the Victorian taste. This has a path leading directly from one front gate to a front door, flanked by flower beds on either side. Popular plants of the period such as Agapanthus, foxgloves, chrysanthemums, shasta daisie, field poppies, Dianthus (pinks), Verbena, Kaffir lilies and sage (Salvia) were randomly planted here. Where evidence indicated, the original species was reinstated in the same place (e.g. a pair of Norfolk Island pines (Araucaria heterophylla), Kaffir lilies and Agapanthus clumps either side of the central paths. A buffalo grass lawn was laid between central and perimeter garden beds. These latter were planted with flowering shrubs such as oleanders, Cape plumbago, sky flower (Duranta repens), Indian hawthorn (Raphiolepis), gardenias, jasmine, mock orange and Abelia, well as a flower border containing old-fashioned annuals of the period.

The former superintendent's garden on the eastern side was recreated with the roundel reinstated in its centre. Paths led from the presumed front gate, around this circular bed, to end at the residence's front door. The rounded was edged with English box and filled with ubiquitous periwinkle (Vinca) as indicated in photographs. Within were planted several shrubs, typical of the era such as lavender, Camellia, Murraya, Michelia figo, Rothmannia amoena and yesterday-today and tomorrow (Brunfelsia). A large bank of Hydrangea macrophylla was planted along the front verandahs and a mixed shrubbery of Cape plumbago, jasmine and shell ginger plants were planted to screen the eastern boundary.(Mayne-Wilson, 1992, 11).

Juniper Hall from this time on was owned by the National Trust of Australia (NSW), which determined that the Garden Committee under the leadership of Annie Ross, were ideally placed to reinstate the garden. Its members worked tirelessly to raise over $100,000 to finance the cost of this project. The perimeter fence was rebuilt, using iron pickets instead of the earlier corrugated iron capped fence - this was a political decision to enable greater views into the preorperty and encourage potential purchase of the front garden by Woollahra Municipal Council for use as public open space (this latter hope did not eventuate). A great quantity of old building rubble was dug out (dozens of cubic meters) and removed from the site. Dozens of cubic meters of non-saline soil were imported from Canberra (to avoid damage to the house's foundations). The Garden Committee completed the garden reinstatement work within a two week period before 26/1/1988, working eight to ten members to a shift, in fierce January heat.

Maintenance of the garden was taken over by the Juniper Hall Committee, formed in 1989. It too raised funds, some of which were used to maintain the garden. The greatest source of plants was from donations, helping the recreated garden regain its variety and richness, subject to species being suitable for the period chosen.

The grounds at the rear were economically adapted by the Garden Committee from what remained of the old residential flat gardens to form good functional outdoor spaces. Parking demanded by Council was accomodated in the gravelled service area. Since the garden has been maintained by volunteers (all trained horticulturists) and a paid gardener. Some of the fencing shown in early photographs that kept the children out of both gardens has not yet been reinstated (Mayne-Wilson, 2012, 11-13).

Juniper Hall was identified by the Properties Task Force as suitable for sale of a 99 year lease that would ensure that the property remains in Trust ownership. A conservation management plan to protect and enhance its heritage value was revised.

The property was put on the real estate market in 2012 and sold for $4.551m to the Moran family (Blok, in SMH, 2012). The family restored it and as the home of the annual Moran prizes, sponsored and administered by the Moran Arts Foundation Ltd. for which it is the headquarters (www.hha.net.au/juniper-hall). Additionally the original four rooms on the ground floor are used for portrait and photographic exhibitions, with access by the general public most days of the year. The first floor and attics were to be converted into a residence for family members (NTA (NSW) website e-news, accessed 12/10/2012)).

The family have a long history of restoring historic properties, including Redleaf in Wahroonga, Blandford in Leura, Swifts in Darling Point, Studley Park in Camden and Moran House in Bridge Street, Sydney. The Morans are direct descendants of Robert and Sarah Cooper, through the matriarch Greta Moran, to the original builders and owners of Juniper Hall. Consequently the Moran family has a genuine concern for the conservation of Juniper Hall to restore it to its former magnificence. 'The Moran family is delighted to be in a position to continue its involvement with the on-going preservation and conversation of some of Australia's most iconic properties', said Peter Moran (NTA (NSW) website e-news, accessed 12/10/2012)).

It (Redleaf, Wahroonga) was the couple (healthcare industry operators, Doug and Greta Moran)'s first major house restoration in a portfolio that still includes Darling Point's Swifts, Camden (Narellan)'s Studley Park, Darling House at Millers Point and Paddington's Juniper Hall. Greta, credited with being the administrative powerhouse of the family operation, is a direct descendent of one of colonial Sydney's most colourful early settlers, Robert Cooper, who was transported after being caught smuggling fine French silks, cognac and ostrich feathers during the Napoleonic Wars. Later pardoned, he built Juniper Hall, a fine early Sydney building on Oxford Street (Paddington)(ibid, 2020, 31).

The Moran family have restored the ground level as an exhibition space (Peter Moran, in Wentworth Courier, 18/12/13). Peter Moran, CEO of the Moran Arts Foundation, which houses its collection and the Moran Prizes exhibition, incorporating the Doug Moran Prize, Australia's richest art competition, at Juniper Hall (Bastians, 2017, 7).

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)	New South Wales theme	Local theme
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Gardens-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Other open space-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Introduce cultural planting-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Changing the environment-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Demonstrating emancipist's entrepreneurial activities-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Creating a gentleman's estate-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Demonstrating convicts' experiences and activities-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Commerce-Activities relating to buying, selling and exchanging goods and services	Retailing-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Commerce-Activities relating to buying, selling and exchanging goods and services	Developing Commercial Enterprise-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Commerce-Activities relating to buying, selling and exchanging goods and services	Brewing-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Developing local, regional and national economies-National Theme 3
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes and parklands of distinctive styles-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes and gardens of domestic accommodation-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes demonstrating styles in landscape design-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Events-Activities and processes that mark the consequences of natural and cultural occurences	Developing local landmarks-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Residential-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Worker's Dwellings-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Building settlements, towns and cities-National Theme 4
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	A Picturesque Residential Suburb-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Adapted heritage building or structure-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Gentlemens Villas-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing for industrial managers and owners-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Gentlemens Mansions-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing famous families-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing (inner city)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	housing (suburbs)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Sub-division of large estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Changing land uses - from rural to suburban-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	19th century suburban developments-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Subdivision of urban estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	A Picturesque Residential District-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Garden suburbs-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Suburban Consolidation-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Developing suburbia-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Country Estate-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	living in the suburbs-
6. Educating-Educating	Education-Activities associated with teaching and learning by children and adults, formally and informally.	Education associated with Welfare institutions-
6. Educating-Educating	Education-Activities associated with teaching and learning by children and adults, formally and informally.	Private education-
6. Educating-Educating	Education-Activities associated with teaching and learning by children and adults, formally and informally.	Adapted villa/ cottage for a school-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	State government-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Local government-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	(none)-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - building and operating public infrastructure-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - town and country planning-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - conserving cultural and natural heritage-
7. Governing-Governing	Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities.	Developing roles for government - caring for orphans-
7. Governing-Governing	Law and order-Activities associated with maintaining, promoting and implementing criminal and civil law and legal processes	Detaining young offenders-
7. Governing-Governing	Law and order-Activities associated with maintaining, promoting and implementing criminal and civil law and legal processes	Administration of justice-
7. Governing-Governing	Law and order-Activities associated with maintaining, promoting and implementing criminal and civil law and legal processes	court house-
7. Governing-Governing	Law and order-Activities associated with maintaining, promoting and implementing criminal and civil law and legal processes	Probation centre-
7. Governing-Governing	Welfare-Activities and process associated with the provision of social services by the state or philanthropic organisations	Destitute and alone-
7. Governing-Governing	Welfare-Activities and process associated with the provision of social services by the state or philanthropic organisations	Children in need-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Interior design styles and periods - Edwardian-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Architectural styles and periods - Victorian (mid)-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Architectural styles and periods - Georgian Revival-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Interior design styles and periods - Victorian-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Building in response to climate - bushfires-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - Victorian period-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - 20th century interwar-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - Federation period-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions.	Ways of life 1900-1950-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions.	Ways of life 1788-1850-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions.	Ways of life 1850-1900-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Gathering at landmark places to socialise-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Gardening-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with the National Trust of Australia (NSW)-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Robert Cooper, colonial brewer and entrepreneur-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Stephen Comrie, founder of the Society for the Relief of Destitute Children-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Sarah May Cooper, wife and mother-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with the Hon. Robert Kinchela, lawyer, Attorney-General-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with the Marquis of Ormonde, Irish lord and patron-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with A.H.H. Stephen, founding Secretary, Society for the Relief of Destitute Children-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with James Comrie, Member, Society for the Relief of Destitute Children-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Joe Gardiner, shoe manufacturer and landlord-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Elizabeth Randall, Sydney Manager, Avrom Investments-

Assessment of significance


SHR Criteria a) [Historical significance]	Juniper Hall is an early colonial house (c1823-1826), on a substantial scale, and is the earliest extant domestic building east of the city. It is probably Australia's oldest surviving suburban villa (ie residence 'in the round,' with at least two fronts and basement offices). It is a major physical manifestation of the life and aspirations of Robert Cooper. The building had an institutional role for a significant period, and has important associations with the history and development of child welfare facilities in Sydney. It has important associations with the Attorney general, John Kinchela. (Clive Lucas & Partners 1985)
SHR Criteria c) [Aesthetic significance]	most of the fabric, including joinery has survived substantially intact from the first half of the nineteenth century, and demonstrates the impact the new fashions of the mid 1840s had on earlier houses. It retains its suburban site since the subdivision of 1877. It is a geographical landmark, and a focal point in the Paddington townscape, which predates the subdivision of the suburb for terrace houses. Together with the nearby Town Hall and Post office, Juniper Ha;; forms an important suburban civic precinct. Additions made to the building in the late nineteenth century respect the original house. These additions are substantial, sympathetic and intact. (Clive Lucas & Partners 1985)
SHR Criteria d) [Social significance]	It has achieved social significance in the twentieth century, when local esteem has been an important factor in preventing its demolition and redevelopment. (Clive Lucas & Partners 1985)
SHR Criteria e) [Research potential]	It contains interiors with interpretation potential to display aspects of the history of the building and its occupants. (Clive Lucas & Partners 1985)
SHR Criteria f) [Rarity]	It is rare among surviving residences of the period, having been built by an emancipist. (Clive Lucas & Partners 1985)
Integrity/Intactness:	The building is substantially intact. (Clive Lucas & Partners 1985)
Assessment criteria:	Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended management:

Recommendations

Management Category	Description	Date Updated
Recommended Management	Produce a Conservation Management Plan (CMP)
Recommended Management	Prepare a maintenance schedule or guidelines
Recommended Management	Carry out interpretation, promotion and/or education

Procedures /Exemptions

Section of act	Description	Title	Comments	Action date
57(2)	Exemption to allow work	Standard Exemptions	ORDER UNDER SECTION 57(2) OF THE HERITAGE ACT 1977 Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977. I, the Hon James Griffin MP, Minister for Environment and Heritage, pursuant to subsection 57(2) of the Heritage Act 1977, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales do by this Order, effective at the time of publication in the New South Wales Government Gazette: 1. revoke the order made on 9 November 2020 and published in the Government Gazette Number 318 of 13 November 2020; and 2. grant the exemptions from subsection 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977 that are described in the attached Schedule. The Hon James Griffin MP Minister for Environment and Heritage Signed this 2nd day of June 2022. To view the standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977 click on the link below.	Jun 17 2022

Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977

Listings

Heritage Listing	Listing Number	Gazette Date	Gazette Number	Gazette Page
Heritage Act - State Heritage Register	00268	02 Apr 99	27	1546
Heritage Act - Permanent Conservation Order - former	00268	16 Dec 83	172	5690
Local Environmental Plan		10 Mar 95
Register of the National Estate		21 Mar 78

References, internet links & images

Type	Author	Year	Title	Internet Links
Tourism		2007	Juniper Hall	View detail
Written	Aitken, Richard	2002	Villa Garden (entry)	View detail
Written	Attenbrow, Val		A pre-colonial history	View detail
Tourism	Attraction Homepage	2007	Juniper Hall	View detail
Written	Australian Council of National Trusts (ACNT)	1988	'In the Grand Manner', in The Historic Houses of Australia
Written	Bastians, Kate	2017	'Moran legacy will shape generations'
Written	Blok, Margie	2012	'Former Glory', in Title Deeds, in Domain, in The Sydney Morning Herald
Written	Chancellor, Jonathan	2020	'Healthy Interest'
Written	Clement, Jessica	2014	'Paddo's 50 year fight goes on'
Written	Clement, Jessica	2013	'Facelift for historic Juniper Hall', in The Wentworth Courier, 11/12/2013
Written	Clive Lucas & Partners	1985	Juniper Hall - Conservation Policy for the Fabric and Setting
Written	Dunn, Mark	2008	Juniper Hall (Paddington)	View detail
Written	Historic Houses Association of Australia	2018	Juniper Hall, Paddington	View detail
Written	James Kerr and Gordon Menzies	1982	Juniper Hall, an analysis of the existing fabric and documentary evidence together with a brief statement of significance and a draft conservation policy
Written	Mayne-Wilson, Warwick	1992	'Juniper Hall - recreating a front garden', in "Australian Garden History" 4(3)
Written	Moran, Peter	2013	'Ten things you might not have known about…Juniper Hall, Paddington'
Written	Pollen, Frances (author and editor)	1988	Paddington, in "The Book of Sydney's Suburbs"
Written	Scarsbrick, Brian	2015	'From the CEO' in Annual Report 2015
Written	Young, Greg (ed.) et al	2018	Paddington - a History	View detail

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details)

Data source


The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name:	Heritage NSW
Database number:	5045231
File number:	EF11/18062; S90/6057; HC 32229

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager.

All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of Heritage NSW or respective copyright owners.