Gladswood House

Item details

Name of item: Gladswood House
Other name/s: Glenyarrah; Seaford House
Type of item: Built
Group/Collection: Residential buildings (private)
Category: House
Location: Lat: -33.8725721688 Long: 151.2461778040
Primary address: 11 Gladswood Gardens, Double Bay, NSW 2028
Parish: Alexandria
County: Cumberland
Local govt. area: Woollahra
Local Aboriginal Land Council: La Perouse
Property description
Lot/Volume CodeLot/Volume NumberSection NumberPlan/Folio CodePlan/Folio Number
   CP58597
All addresses
Street AddressSuburb/townLGAParishCountyType
11 Gladswood GardensDouble BayWoollahraAlexandriaCumberlandPrimary Address

Owner/s

Organisation NameOwner CategoryDate Ownership Updated
Strata Plan No. 58597Private 

Statement of significance:

The fabric of the place is an element of the early subdivision of the "Point Piper Estate" and its development as a landmark harbour side estate (p3). It was once a landmark on the point of Double Bay (refer p. 8 & 10) and still retains a relationship with the harbour;

It represents an example of the popular picturesque harbour side "colonial Gothic taste" in building (pp5-8). It is one of the few surviving examples of the domestic work of the architect William Munro (p5);

It is associated with people of importance in cultural, political and commercial history of Australia and New South Wales including Sir Daniel Cooper, William Walker, Samuel Deane Gordon, Thomas Hussey Kelly, Thomas Herbert Kelly, John Spencer Brunton and RG Howard Joseland (pp 3, 5, 8, 10-13);

Its asymmetrical planning and sitting is representative of a variance to the pointed "Gothic Plan type" in response to its harbour side location (p5). The stained glass windows of the entry vestibule and stair well date from around 1875 and are excellent examples of the work of the firm of Lyon and Cottier (p18 & 22);

Major alterations and additions dating from around 1913 in refurbishing the building have provided joinery and plaster work of excellent quality and craftsmanship. Of particular note are the fireplaces in the Entry Hall, and Dining Room/Ballroom and the feature plaster ceilings contained within these areas (pp19-21);

The iconographical program undertaken in the 1913 interior refurbishment to Rooms G2, G3, G4, G9 and the stained glass and major joinery herein as described in the inventory of items provide a significant variant in their "Baronial program", to early twentieth century interior treatments (pp19, 21, 24).

McGauran Soon Pty Ltd., 1994 (Conservation Study, Gladswood House, p 35).
Date significance updated: 24 Jan 12
Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description

Designer/Maker: William Munro; possibly John Frederick Hilly (attrib.); R.G.Howard Joseland; Glenn Gilling (attrib).
Builder/Maker: J.A.Dobson (first conversion to flats)
Construction years: 1864-1862
Physical description: Grounds
The original land holding was little over 3 acres (refer illus. 13 & 25) subdivided in 1927 into fourteen blocks and establishing its existing holding in 1938.

The original entrance to the property was from New South Head Road through stone gate pillars possibly constructed late 1864. On entry to the property immediately to the north was stone Lodge with attached veranda, the date of its demolition is now known.

The entrance to the grounds was directed on the west by a stone retaining wall, the drive followed the eastern boundary before being redirected by another wall to the house proper. Steps near the north-eastern boundary before being redirected by another wall to the house proper. Steps near the north-eastern corner of the building carried one down to the "Fernery" as well as the stone pier and timber boat house. These as well as the stone walls that fronted the bay may be seen in the Eric Bayliss photograph taken around 1875 (frontpiece) . Sections of the retaining walls and stone pier are still extant, primarily on the neighbouring northern property.

It is believed that by the time of Brunton's occupation the Fernery was demolished and may have been replaced by a swimming pool and tennis court.

The drive on reaching the house arced back as a return as well as continuing past the house that led to the stables and servant wing, (Illus. 26). The stables were located at the south-western corner of the site and consisted of a single storey stone building running east-west along the southern boundary. Immediately adjacent orientated north-south was a wooden structure possible the stables proper, this was framed by a retaining wall. The stone building still stands and serves as the residence for 21 Gladswood Gardens.

Nothing remains of the original landscaped grounds of Gladswood.

Servant & Service Wing
To the south of the house was a collection of structures that probably formed the original servant and service quarters. Grouped around a well and enclosed within a compound by a crenellated stone wall, its entrance was from the south. (Diagram 2)

The main building of this complex was a single storey stone structure. This probably conformed to the usual arrangement of Kitchen, Laundry and Pantry below with bedroom accommodation over. This building was connected to the residence by a covered verandah.

Following the renovations of 1913 it is possible that the well may have been filled or covered as the construction of the Dining/Ballroom would have been in close proximity to its perimeter.

These works would also have necessitated the demolition of part of the enclosing wall and an attached timber structure that may have housed the pantries of the main house and have been the point of entry to the basement. The connecting Verandah may have been demolished and replaced by a covered Courtyard which would have connected the servant wing to the main residence (Illus. 25).

Main Residence
The main building originally was a two storey stone structure of two wings framing a three bayed verandah. Its original external appearance remains largely intact. The southern perimeter of the main building originally stopped along the line of the wall immediately adjacent to the southern window of the entrance hall. The toothing of the stonework for the dining Room/Ballroom extension is clearly visible on the front facade (Illus. 26).

Entry Vestibule
Within the entry vestibule under the door mat may be found evidence of JS Brunton's occupation; for the name "Brunton" with "Gladswood" under are carved into the sandstone flaggings of the floor (Illus. 21).

The entry vestibule also contains two stained glass windows the two top lights of which contain depictions of Flora and Pamona; the Roman gods of flowering or blossoming plants (Illus. 27 & 28). These probably date from around 1875 and were made by the firm of Lyon, Cottier & Co of Sydney, the leading exponents of stained glass in Australia of their time. Lyon & Cottier commenced trading in 1873, hence the stained glass works are a later addition to the house possibly dating from the time of Gordon's involvement in construction of St. Andrew's College which contains much of their work.

The panels show the influences of Pre-Raphaelitism and the design was also used in the he depiction of the seasons, but here used in the common motif of wealth and abundance. Although appropriate symbols of the day for an entrance, they may also have had additional significance for Gordon in his involvement with the Horticultural and Agricultural Societies of NSW. The bottom sash of these windows also contain Gordon's monogram and motto "in deo fiducia est mia", (In God is my trust) surrounded my motifs depicting Australian flora and fauna. The panels are fine examples of Lyon & Cottier's works and should be preserved.

The suspended lantern light fitting dates from the 1913 renovation works.

Above the main entry door the stone lintel carries a date in Roman numerals of 1857. This has often been assumed to indicate the date of construction of the building, although this cannot be ruled out entirely it more likely refers back to the date of the original lease when terms for the construction of the dwelling were agreed.

The front door although conforming in outline to the original is of recent construction. The original door appears to have been panelled. The area in front of the building was originally paved in a hexagonal paving block, with planter beds in front of the walls (Illus. 29).

The existing entrance hall has been extended in width as part of the renovations undertaken by Brunton. Formerly a passage with an adjoining room that may have served as pantry/storage space it also had access to the servant/service wing complex. (Diagram 2 & 3). It contains some of the principal features of the house, its plastered relief ceilings, oak dado wall panelling and large ornate carved timber fireplace, all date from the 1913 renovations.

The plaster ornamental panels framed between solid timber beams are of excellent quality and are in good condition (Illus. 30).

The existing solid timber doors with their deeply moulded architraves also date from the Brunton renovations and are in contrast to the more simple Victorian trims on the First Floor some of which may be original.

The fireplace has previously been believed to have been imported from England and amongst its ornamentation may be found a 1399 carved its apex has also been an item of speculative interest. The date of 1399 is believed to refer to the date to which the Brunton family traced their origins; (refer notes on Study) the armorial shield below is the heraldic device of the Scottish line of the Brunton family. The timber fire surround was designed by the architect Howard Joseland who was well known for his timber joinery detailing.

The house is also reported to contain oak panelling from 14th century England (WHHS, 2010).

Although these features do not form part of the original 19th century fabric the quality of the joinery, timber and plaster work are excellent. The existing suspended lantern light fitting was also designed by Joseland and should if possible be incorporated or adapted into any proposed works. (Illus. 33). Joseland was also responsible for the design of most of the furniture that once decorated the principal rooms of the Ground Floor.

Cellar
The southern extension of the Entry Hall is evidenced in the cellar space below the entrance hall area. Its dimensions conform to the line of the original 19th century wall configuration and the base structure of the western return wall is still to be seen (Diag. 1 & Illus. 34).

The position of an access point to the cellar space immediately adjacent to the entrance door is unusual and may have been that this area was formerly a service room or pantry space. With the construction of the Dining/Ballroom the cellar was now deprived of its former external access and the retention of this opening may have proved convenient in providing a wood store for the hall fireplace. The position of the door and service opening which provided access from the servant/service wing may still be found within the southern wall of the cellar, (Illus. 35).

The contention that the ornate fireplace found in the ground floor entrance hall was not part of the original fabric is verified by the reinforced concrete support base for the hearth.

Dining Room/Ballroom
The Dining Room/Ballroom forms the Ground Floor area of a wing that was added at the time of Brunton's renovation and all the finishes including the fireplace were designed by Howard Joseland.

The entire room is largely in its original state apart from the intrusion of a bathroom in the south-west corner, this dates from a later time than the 1938 conversion of the building into a Guest House and may have been during the upgrading of facilities for its use as a private hotel with self-contained facilities. (Illus. 36).

Formerly this corner contained an access door in the southern wall which led to the service wing, perhaps following the demolition of the service complex this external door was relocated to the western wall which led out to a covered verandah area. (Diag. 3).

The ornamental panel ceiling and timber beams are substantially in good condition apart from some damage particularly along the southern wall and water penetration damage near the eastern by window. The carved timber bosses formerly held frosted bulbs that provided the main lighting for the room. These fittings have been removed and fluorescent fittings fitted to the ceiling beams.

The room contains a large ornamental carved timber fireplace of high craftsmanship (Illus. 37). On the eastern wall a recess houses an oak sideboard with lead light windows over (Illus. 36). Within the four window panels are stained glass emblems, two of which contain the arms of Victoria and NSW, no doubt indicative of the Brunton family business associations. The impact of these windows has been diminished by the addition of an geometric pattern in leadlight found in the eastern glazing as well as the bay window of the first floor room above. The timber floor is mitred at the corners indicating the rooms alternate use as a Ballroom space.

As the room is substantially intact, the detailing should be retained. This may be facilitated by the removal of the bathroom addition and the reintroduction of access from the former door in the south west corner. Introduction of more natural light behind the sideboard alcove would greatly enhance the lighting of the space and appearance of the leadlighting details and should be encouraged.

Main Stair
Although the main stair from Ground to First Floor may be original it may also have been a new stair installed as part of the 1913 renovation, (Illus. 38). The residence apparently was in some state of disrepair by the time of Brunton's purchase and the replacement of the stair may have been a requirement.

Certainly the stair that continues from the First Floor to the attic and roof space was not part of the original fabric and probably was not included in the renovations, (Illus. 39). The continuation of the stair width to a secondary service space and the visual cutting of the stained glass window is uncharacteristic of the earlier period. However, the consistency of detailing between this and the lower stair does not preclude its inclusion in Brunton's renovations. It may have come about due to the requirement for accommodation of the servant facilities within the dwelling. The placement of an electrical bell board at the top of the stairs support such a contention, as does the dormer window on the northern section of the roof which does not appear on the photograph of the property dating c.1913 (Illus 18). The original roofline over the stair well has been raised as evidenced by the external timber shingle lining and confirms that the present stair configuration may not be original.

The stained glass window of the stair well again is by Lyon & Cottier and contains some fine figure and geometric detailing. Gordon's monogram and heraldic motif are also to be found within the glass detailing. Dating from c.1875 they should retained.

Cloak Room
This room and its corresponding room on the First Floor is an extension to the building dating from the 1913 renovations. Originally this may have been the location for the toilet and bathing facilities for the main household. The Water Board Plan indicates that there may have been a covered structure in this location but does not indicate material of construction. Certainly it was conveniently positioned for service access from the servant block courtyard.

It appears to have been fitted out as a Cloak Room and toilet facility (Illus. 41) accessible from the main hallway as well as having connecting access to the Dining/Ballroom via a covered verandah, (Illus. 42). The floor and wall tiles with their ornamental wall and floor border treatment have a certain charm. However, the tiling is generally in a bad state of repair and is not of particular significance. The full length marble shelf, however, should be retained for adaptation in future works.

Managers Flat/Verandah/Access to Dining Room via Western Door
Originally this was external to the building, following the 1913 Dining Room addition a covered Verandah served as access from this room to the Cloak Room/Bathroom, (Illus. 41). The imprint of the Verandah is still apparent as the passage behind the main stair servicing the "Managers Flat". This brick and concrete roof extension dates from around 1939 an is deemed to be of no significance.

Boudoir
All the internal work within this room dates from the 1913 renovations. It would appear that the decoration of this room and the second drawing room were influenced by Brunton's wife Eleanor working in conjunction with Howard Joseland. This room as with G11 is at odds with the more public rooms of the dwelling and its joinery is more closely aligned to that of common features of the Federation period.

The fittings within the room have been modified to some degree. The window seat on the east has been removed, as has a cupboard on the western side of the fireplace that followed the detailing of the window seat, now replaced with a cupboard of recent construction, (Illus. 42). The white painted Federation style timber work appears to have been part of the original scheme and the timber architraves are consistent with Federation detailing. It is unlikely that the general aspect of the room can be restored, considering the self contained nature of the room with harbour views has been lost. It may be possible to retain portions of this work although this retention would only be of nostalgic value.

With the construction of the eastern extension and replacement of the western window with a door opening, the function of the room has been substantially altered. Formerly a private room with an external view to the west; it has since 1939 served as a transit space being an extension of the main passage connecting the original residence to the western extension.

Drawing Room
The internal appearance of the front drawing room is a product of the 1913 renovation, however, it has been subdivided into two spaces with the installation of a partition wall that stops short of the ceiling. A bathroom has been installed in the north-west corner.

The partition has been installed post 1938 as the room is shown on the Perini drawings in its original plan form. The partitions and bathroom installations are considered to be intrusive elements.

The ceiling contains a pattern carried out in timber that continues down the walls at the corners of the room. Although the timber work may have been by Joseland its variance in style with the other public rooms suggests that it may be a later renovation, perhaps at its conversion into a Billiard Room as indicated on the Dobson drawings of 1938. The timber picture rail frieze continues across the partition wall and suggests that the room has undergone numerous renovation over time, (Illus. 43).

The fireplace with its framed mirror over is Victorian in character and differs from the others in the public rooms of the Ground Floor. The fireplace as those in G11, F4 and F11 may be original, further investigation would be required not as ornamented or worked as others within the house. The mirror over appears to have been a later addition, perhaps dating from the Brunton renovations. It is unlikely that his was the original location of the fireplace as there is no chimney or flue over the services this facility. It is likely that a fireplace was positioned on the western wall back-to-back with the study fireplace but this cannot be accurately ascertained from a visual inspection.

The cornices are not consistent with the other Ground Floor rooms and may predate the Joseland renovations, however, given the extent of area (i.e. ceiling and walls) treated with the timber panelling the cornices may have been included when this work was done.

A door connects this room to the Study, its architraves are deeply moulded and are fine examples of joiners works dating from the Joseland renovations, (Illus. 44).

Study
The fit-out of the Study is also a product of the Brunton renovations. The timber dado wall panelling each contain a circular embossed copper detail (Illus. 45). These are believed to be depictions of "the three link cable which was invented by an ancestor" of JS Brunton, a General Brunton in 1399. This date is repeated on the Hall fireplace and reinforce Brunton's concern for a personal iconography that reinforced his family ancestry.

The timber fireplace is another example of Joseland's hand, (illus. 44). It contains a carved heraldic device with a Latin inscription below, that reads "Pax Mentis Incendium Gloriae", this may have been transcribed in error for the motto of another arm of the Brunton family reads "Fax Mentis Incendium Gloriae" (The torch of glory inflames the mind).

The ceiling repeats the exposed timber beam motif that characterises the other main rooms.

Verandah Vestibule
The verandah vestibule/passage contains a pressed metal ceiling in good condition. This post-dates the original construction but together with the cornices and perhaps rose, may have formed part of the 1913 renovations. The suspended light fitting is from this period. The door openings that led to the study and drawing room have been filled as cupboard space, (Illus. 46). Both sets of doors that lead from the main hall and onto the verandah are fine examples of joiners work, (Illus. 46 & 47).

The verandah doors are in all likelihood original in form, however the main passage sets of doors may have been a Joseland invention, as they are not consistent in their Gothic detailing, (Illus. 47). The walls have been papered to picture rail height, the awkward manner in which the picture rail meets the door architraves suggests that these date from a later refurbishment than the 1913 works.

Drawing Room (West)
The Drawing Room like the Boudoir has also been greatly affected by the western extension. Here again with the removal of the western window and replacement with a door opening providing access to the 1938 extension the self contained nature of the room has been lost. This is further compromised by the loss of view tot he north resulting from the subdivision and to the west by the construction of the 1938 extension. The fit-out of the room again by Joseland is in high contract to the other main rooms at the front of the building and continues the theme established in the Boudoir. The room has been painted and wall papered in recent times. The appearance of the room following Joseland's renovations may be found in a photograph taken in the 1920's (Illus. 48) and indicates the importance of the western window to the room. On the eastern wall is an early Victorian white 'Carrara' marble surround and cast iron fireplace with marble hearth which may date from the original building and are worthy of retention, (Illus. 49).

Joseland's design for the room is in contrast to the other main rooms. Although the wall panelling and architraves are a common motif, the panelling and plaster ceiling details appear as a filigree beading and is not of significance other that as apart of the composite 1913 renovations. Recommendations for its on-going treatment are similar to those of the Boudoir.

Northern Verandah
The northern verandah is substantially in its original 1862 form with its stone pillars and timber Gothic arches, (Illus. 49). The tessellated floor tiles are generally in good condition and were installed as part of the Joseland works. The end walls have been disfigured by the installation of the service pipes for the bathrooms installed on the First Floor of the verandah. The lantern light fittings were designed by Joseland, and the marble steps probably dates from his renovation works, (Illus. 50).

The aspect from the Ground Floor Verandah has been irreparably affected by the subdivision of the property. The former orientation of the building to a northern view no longer has any relationship to the Bay which was intrinsic to its planning. The placement of bathrooms on the First Floor Verandah are unsightly and intrusive additions to the external fabric, (Illus. 51). Considering this is now the only vantage point from which a view may be obtained and the only visible section from the Bay these additions should be removed. The 'Gothic' detailed balustrading is still intact to two bays with the end bay filled by unsympathetic timber lining boards and glazed partition. The missing balustrading should be reinstated and the verandah bathrooms removed. This would have a consequent result in the removal of the unsightly pipework that now covers the face of the end walls.

Western Extension
The western extension dates from 1938 and was carried out by the builder/developer FL Perini following his purchase of the property. The architect responsible for the documentation was JA Dobson and Bondi Junction.

The extension, is constructed on original stonework that may have been reused following the demolition of the service wing, (Illus. 52). In its design a simplistic attempt was made to be sympathetic to the original building. However, its "modern" interpretation of castellated Gothic is at odds with the picturesque perpendicular Gothic of the original building. This may be evidenced in the removal of the original western stone turret and replacement with one of varying style in brick and render (Illus. 53). Although the lined ashlar treatment of the external concrete render and the window mouldings present on the northern facade are attempts to reflect the visual appearance of the original building the superficial nature of the copy is reflected in the flatness, lack of texture and obvious difference in material lacks the richness of the original, (Illus. 54).

The western extension resulted also in the removal of windows to the original facade that provided a harbour view and altered the planning and circulation pattern of the original residence. The scale of the building relative to the original house, the changes it necessitated to the original 1860s north facade and the poor consideration of the connection between it and the original building all diminish its overall value. Its role as hotel accommodation led to the programmatic use of details throughout the wing that are not commensurate with the craftsmanship of the original building and some of the subsequent Brunton renovations. The provision of the metal framed verandah's in the 1980's assist to reduce the scale of the western facade, however, their detailing and construction are unsympathetic additions, (Illus. 55). Hence it is deemed that the western extension is of little significance and may be removed or provide the opportunity of adaption to retain the fabric of the original building.

It should, however, be borne in mind that the construction of this extension has been the primary reason for the preservation of the original structure and intactness of the interior fittings. although the demolition of this extension would greatly enhance the building and go towards returning the building to its "original" outline, the viability for the preservation of the original building may be greatly compromised in so doing.

First Floor
The First Floor area has been greatly altered over time, such changes include:
- 1913 additions in the construction of the bedroom and service wing on the south-east, and the construction of a bathroom west of the main stair well.
- 1913 refurbishment of internal finishes including plaster trims, joinery and fireplace surrounds.
- post 1927(?) installation of attic stair and service block
- 1938 subdivision of rooms for guest house accommodation and provision of bathrooms
- 1938 construction of western wing, removal of original western windows and provision of openings to service new addition.
- post 1938 subdivision of areas in provision of bathrooms during its time as a private hotel.
As such little of the internal aspect of the First Floor can be attributed as being original.

Rooms F6-F8 dating from 1913 may have been used as staff facilities as the 1938 Perini drawings indicate that there may have been an external door on the southern wall. This area has been further subdivided through partitions with the bathrooms showing subsequent refurbishment.

The spatial arrangement of the First Floor has been substantially altered; the main stair originally stopped at this level and has been extended c.1927. The double doors that terminate the eastern axis of the Hall are late additions following the 1938 conversion for Hotel accommodation (Illus. 56).

It appears that most of the internal finishes are either a product of the 1913 or post 1938 renovation works. Cornicing in Rooms F3 and F16 with their deeply moulded and fluted surfaces are in contrast to the much simpler forms in the other rooms that match those in the Hall (Illus. 56). This cornicing carries around the bathroom walls which were installed c. 1938, and may be copies. The fireplace surrounds in Rooms F6, F11 and F16 are Federation in details and appear to be 1913 replacement echoing Joseland's work in the Ground Floor Boudoir, (Illus. 57).

Most of the fittings in the Bathroom (F14) have been removed and the installation of the now damaged "column enclosed" pan confirms that the internal fitout dates from around 1913. The room is in a bad state of repair, with significant water damage to ceilings and walls (Illus. 58).

The western extension has resulted in the removal of windows and replacement with openings or the bricking up of former windows. This is the case for the western wall of the Hall and that of Room F16 where the outline of the former window and window blocks are still visible (Illus. 59).

The outlook from the main bedrooms have been disfigured by the installation of a bathroom and enclosure of part of the verandah (Illus. 60 & 61). These probably date from around the 1950's and their removal would facilitate the renewal of the buildings relationship with the Bay.

All the rooms are in some state of disrepair with various degrees of water penetration and damage to the ceilings. Efforts should be made as a matter of priority to ensure the watertightness of the roof to avoid further deterioration of the building.

Attic/Roof Space
The roof space attic was probably converted into accommodation following the subdivision of the property in 1927 which may have resulted in the requirement for additional accommodation within the main building. The dormer window on the north does not appear on any of the early photographs, the latest around 1913 (Illus. 18). A measured drawing dated April 1980 indicate that there were supplementary divisions of the space into bedrooms.

The walls and ceiling were formerly lined in lathe and plaster and the nails that remain are of recent 20th century origin (Illus. 62). Some of the stone walls that divided the roof space have been demolished in recent times together with the continuation of chimneys from the Ground Floor (Illus. 63). These should be rebuilt to enable lower level fireplaces to continue to operate.

(McGauran Soon, 1994, 21-34)
Modifications and dates: See Description for several modifications, including:

Original 19th century land holding was little over 3 acres

The mansion once had a ballroom, boudoir and servants wing (PS, 7-8/12/2019, 35).

1913+: extensive alterations

1927: property subdivided into 14 allotments with "Gladswood" being Lot 6. The holding for "Gladswood" was limited more or less to its building line whilst retaining a portion of land that formed its northern aspect over Double Bay.
This may have been when the stable/ coach house was separated from Gladswood - today this building survives on no. 21 Gladswood Gardens, to the south of the main building (WHHS, 2010).

1935: buy back of Lot 5 to extend Gladswood's holding which has access to the pier.
1938: established its existing holding. Perini converted the residence along with building a substantial western addition for "multiple occupancy";
1939- 1950s leased and operated the building as a "Guest House' (McGauran Soon, 1994).

c1990: Ian Joye's Coronet Investments develop a 'European-inspired' block of three three bedroom, two-level apartments behind (west of) Gladswood House (SMH Domain 11-12/9/2010).
Current use: apartments
Former use: Aboriginal land, timber-getting, grand house; multiple-occupancy (1938+)

History

Historical notes: Aboriginal Sydney:
When Captain Arthur Phillip and the First Fleet landed, first in Botany Bay and then in Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour), in January 1788, he was met by people who had lived on this land for many thousands of years. At least 1,500 people lived in the area between Botany Bay and Broken Bay and the intermediate coast (Attenbrow, n.d.)

There were two main languages spoken in the Sydney region - Darug and Tharawal. The Darug language had two main dialects - one spoken along the coast and the other in the hinterland (west of present-day Parramatta). Tharawal was spoken to the south of Botany Bay and as far west as the Georges River and possibly Camden (ibid, n.d.)

People belonged to small groups (territorial clans) through which they were spiritually related to specific tracts of land - these clans included the Gadigal, Wanngal, Gamaragal, Wallumedegal and Boromedegal. The suffix 'gal' denotes 'people of', thus, for example, the Gadigal were the people of Gadi (also spelled Cadigal and Cadi respectively) (ibid, n.d.).

The 'district of Gadi' was reported to have stretched from South Head west to 'the cove adjoining this settlement' (Darling Harbour) - an area that would have included Centennial, Moore and Queens Parks. Watkin Tench referred to the Gadigal as 'those who reside in the bay of Cadi'. The 'bay of Cadi' is probably Kutti, the Aboriginal place name recorded for present-day Watsons Bay, and the present name of a small beach in the bay (ibid, n.d.).

The Centennial Parklands Conservation Management Plan contains the following report that provides in depth detail of the pre-colonial history of the lands that are present day Centennial Parklands, which is where the text on this page comes from: Pre-colonial Aboriginal land and resource use in Centennial, Moore and Queens Parks - assessment of historical and archaeological evidence for Centennial Parklands Conservation Management Plan (ibid, n.d.).

Double Bay:
Double Bay is in what were once the traditional lands of the Cadigal. They occupied the South Head peninsula, managing the vegetation, and fishing and collecting shellfish from the surrounding rock platforms and waters. When Europeans arrived in 1788, South Head was the site of a number of meetings between groups of the old inhabitants and the new arrivals, and more sustained interaction took place after the establishment of the signal station at Signal Hill in 1790 (Wotherspoon, 2012).

Leopold Verguet, a French Marist Catholic missionary, described a 'tribe' led by Tamara 'in their camp under a rock at Double Bay' in 1845. There were about 20 Aboriginal men, women and children in this group, wrapped in blankets and huddled around a campfire with their dogs. They smoked tobacco in pipes, drank 'bull' (watered-down rum or brandy) and wore cast-off European trousers, jackets, hats and scarves (Vincent Smith, 2011).

Tamara's small clan lived by spearing fish in Port Jackson, begging and gathering gum from eucalyptus trees, which the women sold in Sydney. One man carried several three-pronged fishing spears. Fresh water was available from the creek that now crosses New South Head Road through a stormwater channel at Cross Street, Double Bay (ibid, 2011).

Historian James Jervis said 'Old Wingle' from Port Stephens and his wife Kitty camped on a knoll above Double Bay, on a site that is now Ascham School, with 'Bondi Charley'. They sometimes gave demonstrations of boomerang throwing in return for copper coins. Kitty died in 1859, aged about 26, from a 'chronic disease of the chest' in their bush camp near the Bayswater Hotel at Double Bay, where an inquest was held. Kitty came from Broken Bay and had previously worked as a servant in Newcastle and spoke English well (ibid, 2011).

Jack Harris, who died in the Double Bay camp in 1863, was said to be 'a relic of the now nearly extinct Sydney tribe'. Like Bungaree, who had died in 1830, Harris was fond of telling European settlers 'This is my country'. He was mourned by his widow Charlotte and buried in the Catholic Burial Ground in Sydney. Harris and Old Wingle were among the crowd that welcomed William Charles Wentworth on his return to Sydney on the steamer Benares in 1861. Wingle died of consumption at Botany in 1868 (ibid, 2011).

Point Piper Estate and later, Gladswood:
Ownership and Occupation of the Site, 1826 - 1885
The site of the building originally formed part of the "Point Piper Estate" being a portion of the 190 acres granted to Captain John Piper by Governor Lachlan Macquarie in 1820. Following Piper's financial difficulties, the holding was purchased in 1826 by the merchant Daniel Cooper of Cooper & Levy (McGauran Soon, 1994, 3-14).

Cooper returned to England in 1831 and on his death the major part of his estate was left to his nephew also a (later, Sir) Daniel Cooper of the successful mercantile house of D. Cooper & Co. (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

Although advertising for leasing of subdivision allotments of the "Point Piper Estate" can be found from May 1853, the property probably formed part of the group that was offered in The Sydney Morning Herald" on the 5/1/1856:
"choice building sites with water frontages to Rose and Double Bays, frontages to the South Head Roads, and situations easy of access; having magnificent views, embracing the ocean, the Harbour and Botany, with the City and Blue Mountains as a background. Roads are now being formed and bridges built over the whole of this delightful estate, and it is impossible to imagine more beautiful situation for villa residences than exist thereon, their distances from the city averaging from one to four miles. Leases will be granted for terms up to 99 years." (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

By the 20/05/1857 the property - a holding of 3 acres 3 rods 39 perches had been leased by Cooper to merchant Edwin Thomas Beilby for 99 years at 65 pounds per year. The lease commenced from the 1/10/1856 with payment of this agreement was a building covenant that stipulated that the lessee would: "within eight years from the lease lay out and expand exclusive of internal paintings and decoration the sum of 2,000 pounds in erecting substantial stone or brick buildings" and that within 6 months on completion of works, verification would be provided to the lessor that such amounts had been expended. This would therefore suggest that as of May 1857 construction of dwellings on the property had not commenced (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

Although the Sands Directories records Beilby residing at New South Head Road up to 1861 it is unlikely that this refers to "Gladswood"; as on the 8/1/1858 he sold the lease to prominent merchant, pastoralist and politician, the Hon. Samuel Deane Gordon MLC (Illus. 2) for 800 pounds. The first suggestion of building works may be recorded by an invitation to tender in the Sydney Morning Herald "for building a house at Double Bay" dated 7/4/1860, with documents available at Gordon's Bridge Street office (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

Gordon began life as a letter-carrier, but later became a wine merchant and a prominent member of Sydney society (Jervis, 1960, 50).

Progress of construction may also be followed by notices in the Sydney Morning Herald. On 14/11/1860 tenders were called "for joiners' work". Plans and specifications were available on site with further information from a Mr Munro, Glebe Road or his Sydney office. By 25/4/1861 tenders were called for painting the "house in the course of erection at Double Bay", referred again to Gordon's Bridge St. office with information available from Mr Munro, Glebe St. Carpenters and masons were required by the 24/4/1862 for "Mr Gordon's residence, Double Bay". Plans available from Mr Munro, architect, Pitt St, North. By August 8, 1864 it appears general construction of the residence and perhaps outbuildings were completed for tenders were called for "gate pillars at Glenyarrah, Double Bay", applications to Mr Munro 64 Pitt Street (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

It thus appears the residence was built sometime between November 1860 and substantially completed by April 1862. The residential form of the property was more than likely completed in the final months of 1864, with the dwelling identified now by name and having its entry identified by "gate pillars". Tender notices suggest the involvement of an architect by the name of Munro. We suggest therefore that Gordon was primarily the driving force in commissioning a purpose designed and built dwelling for himself; financed in large part by the lessor, Sir Daniel Cooper (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

The architect referred to in tender notices was in all probability the little known builder/architect William Munro (1812-1881). Munro is credited with three buildings listed on the Register of the National Estate. Although without formal architectural training it appears his competence was such that he was responsible for a considerable body of ecclesiastical architecture, primarily for the Roman Catholic Church. Munro's speciality was the "Gothic style" and all 3 registered buildings are variations on this idiom. Gladswood House is representative being an interpretation of the "perpendicular or pointed Gothic" applied to a domestic situation. Munro may have sought inspiration from pattern books, for a close model for "Gladswood" may be found in John Claudius Loudon's 'An Encyclopaedia of Cottage, Farm and Villa Architecture and Furniture', both the 1833 and 1850 editions (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

Design XX and Design XXI of the 1833 edition are variations of Gothic villa architecture (Illus. 3, 4 & 5) and features in both may be found simplified or interpreted in Munro's design. The plan of the "castellated style" Design XX appears to have been manipulated to suit its Sydney harbour side location. The central axial entry has been relocated to the side and the servant wing detached as in the following Design XXI, however, the plan arrangement of the rooms is a feature found at "Gladswood". Similarly a close comparison may be made with the Gothic verandah treatment located on the side (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

Design XXI "a villa in the style of pointed architecture" shares the asymmetrical facade treatment, central emphasis of the entry, the side ornamental screen fence wall and the detached service wing. The picturesque roofscape of finials, turrets, attached Tudor chimneys and steep roof are also common features that continue in the window mouldings and castellated projecting bay windows. It is not inconceivable that "Gladswood" may have presented a similar simplified garden front with screen wall and attached service building as that indicated in this design (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

Although Munro designed prestige villas for prominent citizens of the day it is not known what form these took. However, that Munro was consistent in his "Gothic" detailing is evidenced in his later design for St. Andrews College at Sydney University where similar elements found at "Gladswood" re-occur (Illus. 6 & 7)(ibid, 1994, 3-14).

"Gladswood House" represents one example of picturesque Gothic, a favoured style of "romantic embellishment" to the Sydney foreshore dating to the earliest colonial period. Immediate examples in the area include "Lindesay" and "Carthona" at Darling Point. Both represent the approach of simplified "Regency" and "Tudor" Gothic and are at variance with Gladswood with its more picturesque "perpendicular" effects. The simplified nature of earlier Lindesay and Carthona are perhaps reflections on the economic situation of the period that may have prevented the extent of detailing found in "Gladswood" or later still "castellated Gothic" of "Swifts" at Darling Point. Interestingly, both "Lindesay" and "Carthona" are cited as being derived from J. C. Loudon's pattern book. Where reference to Loudon's model at "Lindesay" is somewhat less obvious, "Carthona" and "Gladswood House" are closer to designs in the pattern book. Unlike "Lindesay" and "Carthona", Gladswood has lost its close relationship of the original building to a harbour view, a fundamental feature in the prescriptive siting of Loudon (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

The term 'villa' was first used in England in the 17th century, partly from the Latin and Italian 'country house, farm', perhaps derived from the stem of vicus (village). The villa was a country mansion or residence, together with a farm, farm-buildings, or other house attached, built or occupied by a person of some position and wealth. It was taken to include a country seat or estate and later a residence in the country or in the neighbourhood of a town, usually standing in its own grounds. From this is was appropriated by the middleof the 18th century to mean a residence of a superior type, in the suburbs of a town or in a residential district, such as that occupied by a person of the middle class, and also a small, better-class dwelling house, usually detached or semi-detached. The term 'villa garden' was used in the context of Hobart and Sydney residences in the 1830s, and if near the coast or harbour, the appellation 'marine villa' was often applied. Australian origins probably date from the grant conditions applied to Sydney's Woolloomooloo Hill (1827, under Governor Darling), which obligated the construction of villas fulfilling certain conditions... 'with garden like domain, and external offices for stables and domestic economy' (John Buonarotti Papworth, 1825, quoted in James Broadbent's 1997 book, 'The Australian Colonial House'). Many gardens of 19th century villas followed Gardenesque conventions, with garden ornaments often complementing the architecture of the house. The term had acquired such widespread usage by the 1850s that when Jane Loudon issued a new editiion of her husband (John Claudius Loudon)'s 'Suburban Gardener and Villa Companion' (1838) she merely entitled the revised work 'The Villa Gardener' (1850). This coincided with a growing period of suburbanisation in Australia with consequent fostering of the nursery trade... By the 1880s, descriptions of Australian villas implied sufficient room for a lawn on two or three fronts of the residence...(Aitken, 2002, 619-20).

It is to Gordon's occupation that the first naming of the building "Glenyarrah" may be attributed. The earliest identification by name being the tender notices of August 18, 1864. G. Nesta Griffiths in her book "Point Piper Past and Present" suggests the name may be a compilation of the Scottish "glen" for valley and the anglicised aboriginal word "yarrah" for gum tree, being "Valley of the Gums" (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

Woollahra History & Heritage Society date the house to 1856 (WHHS, 2013), noting the design may possibly be attributed to architect J.F. (John Frederick) Hilly and that under Gordon's occupation it was called "Seaford House", changing to "Glenyarrah" during the (1883-1913) stay of Mr T.H. Kelly Snr. and family and later under Mr (John) Spencer Brunton (flour miller) to be called "Gladswood" (WHHS, 2010).

The mansion once had a ballroom, boudoir and servants wing (PS, 7-8/12/2019, 35).

Gordon may not have been "Gladswood's" first resident, for an undated Council Rate Assessment entry, possibly no later than 1863, records Gordon as owner with a J.H. Atkinson as "person rated".

Gordon began life as a letter carrier, but later became a wine merchant and a prominent member of Sydney society (Jervis & Kelly, 1960, 50).

The rate records of 1863-64 also show both the Hon. S.D. Gordon and the merchant and member of parliament the Hon. William Walker MP (Refer Appendix) as being "rated persons" for "Gladswood", with Walker also entered for the adjacent property. G Nesta Griffiths suggests that Walker took occupation of "Gladswood" whilst his own house "Redleaf" was being constructed on the neighbouring property.

The earliest verifiable illustration of "Gladswood" forms part of the background to a general view of Double Bay in "The Illustrated Sydney News" of December 23, 1871 (Illus. 8). A glimpse of the property within its context of Double Bay may be obtained from some general views of the period (Illus. 9). An early photograph thought to date from around the 1870's shows the building in what must have been its early appearance at the time of Gordon's occupation, (Illus. 10).

This clearly shows that the present southern wing is a later extension, it also shows the crenulated service wing compound wall with verandah and servant block in the background. An Eric Bayliss photograph of c1875 indicates the building's former commanding position on the point between the two bays.

Gordon's occupation continued until his death in 1882 and is recorded in his monogram in the strained glass window on either side of the entry vestibule and panels that light the main stair (Illus. 12). On his death Gordon left "Glenyarrah" to his daughter Jessie Maria Gordon who in turn sub-let it to a F.B. Lark from 1883-1885 (MacGauran Soon, 1994, 3-14). Both Munro and Gordon were associated with the setting up of St. Andrew's College at the University of Sydney, while the latter is commemorated with a fine stained-glass window in St.Andrew's Scots Church In Rose Bay (WHHS, 2013, 3).

1885 - 1913
In 1895 the property was sub-let to Thomas Hussey (T.H.) Kelly Sr. (1830-1901) a wool-broker and businessman. Kelly eventually purchased the lease of "Glenyarrah" in 1887 for 12,000 pounds and went on to buy the freehold in May 1901, three months before he died. The extent and form of the property at the time of Kelly's occupation may be obtained from a Water Board Plan of 1895 (Illus. 13). Following Kelly's death the building remained in the family, occupied by Kelly's son, the businessman Thomas Herbert Kelly (Illus. 14)(ibid, 1994, 3-14).

A view of the property taken around 1900 shows the boat house and pier with the grounds and house in the background (Illus. 15). This section of the property was formally incorporated into the title holdings in 1909. Previously it had formed "part of the bed or shores of 'The Port" and was purchased by Kelly from the Government for the sum of 33 pounds 15 shillings. Auction notices by the agents Raine and Horne, dating 1904 and 1905, for the subdivision of an adjacent property shows "Glenyarrah" and is indicative of the property's identification as a local landmark (Illus. 16 & 17). That this was clearly the case from the bay is shown in a photograph dating from the final years of Kelly's occupation (Illus. 18)(ibid, 1994, 3-14).

1913 - 1927
Kelly sold the property in 1913 to John Spencer Brunton (1861-1937), (Illus. 19). Brunton was son of Thomas Brunton who founded the Melbourne based Brunton & Co., flour millers. The responsibility of the operation of the NSW arm of the business was given to two Brunton's sons, one of whom was John Spencer Brunton (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

The transfer of ownership was on the 29/12/1913 and it appears he lost no time altering the building. An article on the house on completion of renovations suggests the dwelling was in some state of disrepair and may have been the stimulus for Brunton's sweeping alterations. Brunton commissioned architect R.G. Howard Joseland, (Illus. 20) to design alterations. The commission dates from the time Joseland was in partnership with Hugh Vernon in the practice of Joseland and Vernon. However, it appears the work was principally carried out by Joseland alone continuing into his period as a sole practitioner between 1914-1919 (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

The extension and extensive refurbishment does not have much in common with Joseland's general work, which favoured "Queen Anne Style". He was an advocate for development of an "Australian Style" and critical of over ornamentation, his own house being testament to his pursuit of such interests. Typical are such building as Sargood Hall in Ivanhoe, original buildings for the Burnside Presbyterian Homes for Children at North Parramatta, or the Nicholson residence at Wahroonga of 1900. Joseland was not unfamiliar, with a brief that required incorporation of design elements from an existing building into new works as in his extension for retailer F. Lassetter & Co. in 1899. Here an existing facade was extended and internal design elements from the original building repeated in new works (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

The atypical nature of the Gladswood refurbishment in Joseland's oeuvre is perhaps a response to his client's requirement for a building consistent with pretensions to landed gentry of his ancestral Scotland. This, coupled with a personal interest in his client through his daughter's later marriage to Brunton's son, may have made him more amicable to compromising his own strongly held beliefs for architecture (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

Elements of Joseland's preference for simple and unadorned line may be found in less public spaces where one finds simpler fire surrounds in white painted timber a favoured motif found in Joseland designs for furniture manufacturer Norton and Reed. Similar consistent detailing to Joseland's general work is witnessed in external treatment of the southern wing and extension of the stair well, clad in timber shingle. Such external treatment is consistent with his preference for Queen Anne and may be found in his work on the Berry Estate or the Neutral Bay Land Company estate (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

Council records indicate that a permit for the Gladswood alterations was approved on 24/11/1913 for works valuing 3,800 pounds. The extension on the south of the front facade dates from this period and much internal refurbishment and joinery fittings within the original fabric may be attributed to Joseland (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

It is Brunton who changed the name from "Glenyarrah" to "Gladswood". This refers to "Gladswood House", a small "seat" in Gladswood, Berwickshire County, Scotland; where the Brunton family originated. The name "Gladswood" may still be seen below that of its former owner carved into the stone flaggings under the door mat of the front entry, (Illus. 21)(ibid, 1994, 3-14).

The extent of Brunton's changes were considerable and included construction of a southern wing providing a formal dining room and ballroom, refurbishment of most of the ground and first floors. It may also have included construction of a garage but available information cannot establish its location. The building as it now stands is in effect a legacy of these alteration works undertaken by Brunton and Joseland (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

The Woollahra History & Heritage Society attribute extensions to architect F. Glen Gilling, noting they included a fireplace and oak panelling from 14th century England (WHHS, 2013, 3). Joseland and Gilling were an architectural practice.

Brunton owned the property until 1927 when he sold the entire holding to estate agents, Edward Harold Maas and Henry Rickards Maas for 45,000 pounds. It appears Maas had difficulty getting subdivision plans approved by Council, numerous disputes arising, primarily re the extent and costs of road works. Brunton continued to occupy "Gladswood" whilst the property was subdivided into fourteen allotments with "Gladswood" being Lot 6. The subdivision auction notice of 24/9/1927 (Illus. 22) indicates the holding for "Gladswood" was limited more or less to its building line whilst retaining a portion of land that formed its northern aspect over Double Bay (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

At the end of the 'hook like' street of Gladswood Gardens and at the rear of no. 21 can be seen, behind the multi-car garage, the stable and coach house for the original Seaford House (/Glenyarrah/Gladswood)(WHHS, 2013, 3).

Brunton purchased the dwelling back from Maas in 1928 and rate records that year indicate for the first time Gladswood Gardens as a locality with "Gladswood House" as being No. 11-13 Gladswood Gardens. In 1935 he also purchased back Lot 5 which had access to the pier. Brunton continued to occupy the house until his death in 1937 (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

1937 - 1988
Following Brunton's death the property was transferred to his sons John Moffitt Brunton and Thomas Gladswood Brunton who in turn sold it to the Rose Bay builder Frederick Louis Perini, in February of 1939. Photographs c.1939 indicate that the dwelling still retained its northerly aspect over the bay (Illus. 23 & 24) (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

Perini commissioned architect J.A. Dobson to convert the residence and provide a substantial western addition for "multiple occupancy" use; Council approved plans in February 1938. The limited material available suggests that this may have been a major and sizeable contract for Dobson whose background was principally involved in civil engineering. Following his commencement in practice in Australia in 1921, he appears to have been involved in domestic work of a modest nature (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

In 1939 Perini leased the building for a period of twelve years to Gwendoline Jean Von Tidermann, who operated the building as a 'Guest House' (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

In 1951 the property was sold to a company trading as "Gladswood Freehold" who leased the building for a "Guest House" to Ray William Stafford and Hannah Maria Stafford. The building changed ownership a number of times but largely remained as a "Guest House/Private Hotel" until 1988 (ibid, 1994, 3-14).

c1990: Ian Joye's Coronet Investments develop a 'European-inspired' block of three three bedroom, two-level apartments behind (west of) Gladswood House (SMH Domain 11-12/9/2010).

The building was recently tastefully restored (WHHS, 2010).

Former Crown Casino boss Rob Rankin owned an apartment in Gladswood, which he sold in 2016 for a cool $5m.
In 2019 former Little River Band frontman Glenn Shorrock is selling his harbourside home (in Gladswood)(PS, 7-8/12/2019, 35).

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)New South Wales themeLocal theme
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Gardens-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Introduce cultural planting-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Changing the environment-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Cultural - Coasts and coastal features supporting human activities-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Modification of terrain-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Commerce-Activities relating to buying, selling and exchanging goods and services Operating a tourism venture-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Commerce-Activities relating to buying, selling and exchanging goods and services Innkeeping-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Commerce-Activities relating to buying, selling and exchanging goods and services Developing real estate-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Developing local, regional and national economies-National Theme 3
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Landscapes of urban amenity-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Landscapes and gardens of domestic accommodation-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Creating environments evocative of the 'old country'-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Events-Activities and processes that mark the consequences of natural and cultural occurences Developing local landmarks-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Building settlements, towns and cities-National Theme 4
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Residential-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. City Club accommodation-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Apartment blocks-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing townsfolk - urban villas-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Gentlemens Villas-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing for merchants and dealers-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Marine villa-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. A Picturesque Residential Suburb-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. housing (suburbs)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Eccentric residence-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Adapted heritage building or structure-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Architectural design-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Victorian era residence-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Guesthouses-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing for industrial managers and owners-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing the prosperous - mansions in town and country-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Gentlemens Mansions-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing politicians-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing professional people-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Early land grants-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal 1820s-1850s land grants-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Sub-division of large estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Changing land uses - from rural to suburban-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Administering and alienating Crown lands-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Subdivision of rural estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages 19th century suburban developments-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Beautifying rural estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Role of transport in settlement-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Creating landmark structures and places in urban settings-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Developing suburbia-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages living in the suburbs-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Cultural Social and religious life-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Garden suburbs-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Suburban Consolidation-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Rural Estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Suburban Expansion-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Creating landmark structures and places in suburban settings-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Servants quarters-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Colonial government-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. State government-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Local government-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - administration of land-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - conserving cultural and natural heritage-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Landscaping - Federation period-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Adaptation of overseas design for local use-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Building in response to natural landscape features.-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Landscaping - Victorian period-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Architectural styles and periods - Victorian Gothic Revival-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Interior design styles and periods - Victorian-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Designing in an exemplary architectural style-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. work of stonemasons-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Architectural styles and periods - Victorian (mid)-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Architectural styles and periods - Gothic Revival-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Landscaping - late 20th century-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Ways of life 1788-1850-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Ways of life 1850-1900-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Country estates - visiting, enjoying-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Ways of life 1900-1950-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Ways of life 1950-2000-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Living in apartments-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Living in suburbia-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Living on the urban fringe-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Ornamental Garden-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Living in a bushland setting-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Kitchens and servants-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Living in a new house-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions. Living in, adapting and renovating homes for changing conditions-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Outdoor relief-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Gardening-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Activities associated with relaxation and recreation-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Visiting heritage places-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Gathering at landmark places to socialise-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Leisure-Includes tourism, resorts.
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities Belonging to an historical society or heritage organisation-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities Places of informal community gatherings-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities Joining together to study and appreciate philosophy-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with John Frederick Hilly, architect-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with William Munro, well known Scottish builder become architect-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with the Hon. W.G. (Geoffrey) Keighley OAM, NSW Parliamentarian, grazier and cricketer-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with the Hon. Samuel Dean Gordon, merchant, pastoralist, MLA and MLC.-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with the Hon. William Walker MLC, merchant of Sydney-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Daniel Cooper (1785-1853), emancipist merchant and investor-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Captain John Piper, official, gentleman, benefactor-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with John Spencer Brunton, flour miller, businessman-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with R.G. Howard Joseland, architect-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Governor (later Maj-Gen.) Lachlan Macquarie, 1810-1821-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Thomas Hussey Kelly, woolbroker and merchant-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Sir Daniel Cooper (1821-1902), merchant and philanthropist-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with John Claudius Loudon, English writer, horticulturist, educator-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Edwin Thomas Beilby, merchant-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with J.H. Atkinson, gentleman-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Thomas Hussey (T.H.) Kelly Sr., wool-broker and businessman-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with F.B. Lark, gentleman-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Edward Harold Maas, real estate agent-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Henry Rickards Maas, real estate agent-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with John Moffitt Brunton, gentleman-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Thomas Gladswood Brunton, gentleman-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Frederick Louis Perini, Rose Bay builder-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with J.A. Dobson, architect-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Gwendoline Jean Von Tidermann, guesthouse operator-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Ray W. and Hannah M. Stafford, guesthouse operators-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Ian Joye, developer-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Rob Rankin, fmr. Crown Casino manager-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Glenn Shorrock, singer-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Jessie Maria Gordon, gentlewoman-

Recommended management:

Recommendations

Management CategoryDescriptionDate Updated
Recommended ManagementReview a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) 
Recommended ManagementPrepare a maintenance schedule or guidelines 
Recommended ManagementCarry out interpretation, promotion and/or education 

Procedures /Exemptions

Section of actDescriptionTitleCommentsAction date
57(2)Exemption to allow workHeritage Act Maintenance & Change of Use


Order Under Section 57(2) to exempt the following activities from Section 57(1):
(1) The maintenance of any building or item on the site where maintenance means the continuous protective care of existing material;
(2) Change of use. 		Apr 22 1988
57(2)Exemption to allow workStandard Exemptions HERITAGE ACT 1977

ORDER UNDER SECTION 57(2) TO GRANT STANDARD EXEMPTIONS FROM APPROVAL

I, Penny Sharpe, the Minister for Heritage, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales and under section 57(2) of the Heritage Act 1977:

revoke the order made on 2 June 2022 and published in the Government Gazette Number 262 of 17 June 2022; and

grant an exemption from section 57(1) of the Act in respect of the engaging in or carrying out the class of activities described in clause 2 Schedule A in such circumstances specified by the relevant standards in clause 2 Schedule A and General Conditions in clause 3 Schedule A.

This Order takes effect on the date it is published in the NSW Government Gazette.

Dated this 29th day of October 2025
The Hon Penny Sharpe MLC
Minister for Heritage

For more information on standard exemptions click on the link below. 		Nov 7 2025

PDF Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977

Listings

Heritage ListingListing TitleListing NumberGazette DateGazette NumberGazette Page
Heritage Act - State Heritage Register 0049602 Apr 99 271546
Heritage Act - Permanent Conservation Order - former 0049622 Apr 88 772360
Local Environmental Plan 199510 Mar 95 0281349
Register of the National Estate  21 Mar 78   

References, internet links & images

TypeAuthorYearTitleInternet Links
WrittenAitken, Richard2002'Villa Garden' (entry) View detail
WrittenAttenbrow, Val A pre-colonial history View detail
WrittenJervis, James and Kelly, Vince (ed.)1960Double Bay History, 1850-1950 View detail
WrittenMcGauran Soon P/L Architects2003Conservation Plan 'Gladswood House'
WrittenMcGauran Soon Pty Ltd1994Conservation Study - Gladswood House
Writtenunattributed, in 'PS'2019'Cool change for Shorrock'
WrittenVincent Smith, Keith2011Aboriginal Life around Port Jackson after 1822 View detail
WrittenWoollahra History & Heritage Society2013"Gladswood Gardens, Double Bay", in 'Miscellany', in Outlook 87, 2/2013
WrittenWoollahra History & Heritage Society2010Gladswood entry (15) in "Woollahra Sesquicentennary Walk"
WrittenWotherspoon, Garry2012Bellevue Hill View detail

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.
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(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details)

Data source

The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name: Heritage NSW
Database number: 5045709
File number: S90/03700/4

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager.

All information and pictures on this page are the copyright of Heritage NSW or respective copyright owners.