Gledswood

Item details


Name of item:	Gledswood
Other name/s:	Buckingham
Type of item:	Landscape
Group/Collection:	Farming and Grazing
Category:	Homestead Complex
Location:	Lat: -34.0023918049 Long: 150.7822690720
Primary address:	900 Camden Valley Way, Gledswood Hills, NSW 2557
Parish:	Narellan
County:	Cumberland
Local govt. area:	Camden
Local Aboriginal Land Council:	Tharawal

Property description

Lot/Volume Code	Lot/Volume Number	Section Number	Plan/Folio Code	Plan/Folio Number
LOT	1201		DP	1187381
LOT	1202		DP	1187381

All addresses

Street Address	Suburb/town	LGA	Parish	County	Type
900 Camden Valley Way	Gledswood Hills	Camden	Narellan	Cumberland	Primary Address
900 Camden Valley Way	Catherine Field	Camden	Narellan	Cumberland	Alternate Address

Owner/s

Organisation Name	Owner Category	Date Ownership Updated
Caldla Pty Ltd	Private	03 Jun 16
Sekisui House Australia Pty Ltd	General	03 Jun 16
Sekisui House Australia Pty Ltd	Private

Statement of significance:


	Gledswood is an early 19th century farm estate that has close associations with the Camden area which is the birthplace of the Australian wool industry. Built by James Chisholm in c.1830, Gledswood remained the Chisholm family residence for 90 years. A prominent feature at Gledswood is an outstanding colonial garden that was expanded in 1870. The garden featured in Horticultural Magazine (1870) and was romanticised by Hardy Wilson in 1920. The intense and continual interest in gardening at Gledswood has made Gledswood a prominent contributor to the art of gardening within NSW. Gledswood has historical significance for its association with the early development of Australia's wine industry. James Chisholm junior planted a vineyard in 1830, and in 1847 vinedressers from Germany were imported to work it. A convict built cellar under the homestead was capable of holding 20,000 bottles of wine (Everett, 2004).
	Date significance updated: 29 Jul 03
	Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description


Designer/Maker:	Unknown
Builder/Maker:	James Chisholm
Construction years:	1827-1855
Physical description:	Farm: Gledswood is set on 65 hectares (150 acres) of pastoral land. The Gledswood estate is located off and bounded by Camden Valley Way south of Raby Road (to its northwest), Catherine Field, across that road from Raby (farm, SHR item no. 1694). Gledswood's rear (the property's south) abuts The Upper Canal water supply for Sydney (SHR item no. 1373) and the former El Caballo Rancho farm to its southwest. The remainder of the site is bounded by the Lakeside Golf Course and adjacent to the southern boundary of the Catherine Field precinct in the South West Growth Centre of Sydney (GML, 2011, 1). Gledswood is the first of such early colonial farming properties visible when travelling from Sydney along Camden Valley Way (the former Hume Highway and former Cow Pasture Road). The estate was developed by James Chisholm c.1830 on land granted to him in 1829. Located in the centre of the property is a selection of Georgian farm buildings around the homestead and garden. The current access drive winds through open cleared paddocks and remnant advanced and regrowth woodland. Old woodland remnants such as a group of broad leaved apple trees (Angophora subvelutina) frame entry views to the homestead and the distant araucarias. Old trees in paddocks are in decline and remnants of original woodland are a prominent feature of its landscape. Garden: Gledswood contains an outstanding "wilderness" garden, a large formal garden area and many typical 19th century ornamental plantings. Together these combine to create an interesting and intimate series of spaces with views over the surrounding rural landscape. Gledswood's signature plantings of tall Bunya pines (Araucaria bidwillii) and hoop pines (Araucaria cunninghamii) distant from the road identify the location of the homestead long before any buildings are in view. These plantings are definitive of the 19th century landscape character, occurring in association with other typical plant species found throughout the district. remain a landmark from roads and sites in the area. Large mid-nineteenth century garden consisting of entrance drive, carriage loop, secondary drive, shrubbery, lawn and flower garden and orchard, enhanced by and enhancing the rural landscape. Entry is through traditional white timber garden gates and between shrubberies planted with Photinias, Duranta etc punctuated by Araucarias to a tear shaped carriage loop. The garden is considered to be one of the best of the "Cowpasture Gardens" eulogised in William Hardy Wilson's "Cowpasture Road" (LEP). The garden was expanded by J.H. Chisholm and described in 'the Horticultural Magazine' (1870) in the same year that Maryland was featured. The garden was romanticised by William Hardy Wilson in 1920. It has been developed as a tourist farm with a reduced farm curtilage. Although not ideal, the management of the surrounding landscape through the establishment of golf courses means that views to the farm complex can be appreciated from both Raby Road and Camden Valley Way. The garden has been altered (Britton & Morris, 2000, 124). A highly maintained lawn and formal garden in front and adjacent to the house along with pockets of bushland dominated by vines and shrubs now considered weeds, are common thematic elements of 19th century landscapes. Close to the homestead is a variety of wild hedgerow and the front of the administration building, south of the wilderness is dominated by a grove of Brazilian pepper trees (Schinus molle var.areira), two of which may possibly date from the mid to late 19th century. This species is also scattered throughout the livestock yard and is around the outbuildings and have the same evocative character as the plantings of Belgenny Farm Homestead on Camden Park, at Camden South. Further plantings in this area include an old stunted Moreton Bay Fig (Ficus macrophylla). To the south of the building is a black locust /false acacia tree (Robinia pseudoacacia). The northern front to the homestead is in the shape of an expansive ellipse, bounded by a formal gravel driveway with a remnant planting of a lone large white cedar (Melia azedarach var.australasica) on the edge of the driveway. The eastern garden, set out in the gardenesque style, continues this more formal thematic planting. The trees and shrubs in this area are an eclectic mix of species is typical of late 19th century and early 20th century botanical collections. A rose garden has been established east of the homestead and adjacent to this older formal garden. The eastern lawn contains further planting of jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) and other associated species. The old stunted macadamia nut tree (Macadamia integrifolia) is located south-east of the homestead and is a rare specimen planting in this district. Homestead: The homestead was built c.1830 and renovated, probably in the 1870s, to include the Gothic verandas and porches; the kitchen has been separated forming a courtyard. The house has a long stone flagged front veranda on the north side with two gables breaking the eavesline and marking the entrances. Decorative features include bargeboards in a rustic pattern, a variety of multi-paned shuttered french windows and four-panelled doors and a front door with fanlight and side lights. The walls are rendered brick. Large stuccoed rubblestone homestead of 92 squares including a ballroom, kitchen, service rooms and butchers shop... Two Victorian bay sections have been added to the eastern side of the house at each end of the verandah. Cellars: large cellars, of rubble-stone (contstruction) with capacity for 20,000 bottles (LEP). Outbuildings within the estate include: - Kitchen: The kitchen has been separated from the house and forms the courtyard. It is of single-storey Georgian design with twelve paned windows and six panelled doors. The hipped roof is sheet with corrugated iron. It includes kitchen, service rooms and a butchers shop (LEP). - an administration wing; - a fine two storey stable building, built by James Chisholm, now used as a restaurant'; - machinery shed; and - other farm buildings, such as the decorative wooden hen house, noted in Helen Proudfoot's survey (LEP). Sources: "Early Colonial Homes of the Sydney Region 1788 - 1838". "Camden Significant Tree and Vegetated Landscape Study", Volume 3 of 3 Morris, C. & Britton, G., "Colonial Landscapes of the Cumberland Plain and Camden NSW", Volume 2, 2000.
Physical condition and/or Archaeological potential:	Gledswood has been left largely unaltered in design. It has archaeological potential to reviewal evidence of early European farming practices and an understanding of early gardening practices.
	Date condition updated:29 Jul 03
Modifications and dates:	1810 400 acre grant to de Kerilleau (former 'Buckingham'). 1815 500 acres to north added (acquired by and granted to James Chisholm). 1816, extension of Kerilleau grant land to the east and south (acquired by and granted to James Chisholm). 1818 extension of land to the south again (former 'Horatio Park') (acquired by and granted to James Chisholm). c1829 main house built by James Chisholm, using convict labour. 1861 two acres set up for erection of a school building (closed 1888) c1870s Major extensive Victorian era modifications /renovations to Gledswood homestead with the addition of Gothic verandas and porches and expansion of existing gardens, under James Kinghorne Chisholm. 1881-8 land resumed to construct The Upper Canal across the estate. Bridges built across the canal to allow access. 1907 land exchange with George Molle of Molles Marnes to south, of land south of The Upper Canal. Molle's former land north of the canal (and facing Camden Valley Way) became part of Gledswood. 1959 subdivision of Gledswood into three lots (east, east-of east, and west of the canal) 1968-71 Horderns running cattle on estate, much repairs to buildings. 1971 Testoni brothers ('Camden Vineyards') bought Gledswood, hoping to revive the vineyards, begin promoting the estate as a tourist attraction. 1972 38 acres between Raby Road and the Upper Canal divided from the estate, 1973 subdivision roughly divided the Gledswood estate in half - over 100ha to the north and east of the house transferred to the NSW Planning & Environment Commission. Another 10 ha transferred to Camden Council in 1976. 1978 land on which Gledswood is situated took its present form when over 400ha were subdivided for the El Caballo Blanco enterprise under the ownership of Andalusia Entertainment Centres P/L (for horse shows, tourist attraction). 1970s subdivision of eastern section (1972, 3, 6, 8) of sections facing Camden Valley Way in eastern part (non-1959 lots) Other modifications have been the adaptive re-use of buildings such as the two storey stables now used as a restaurant. 1980s various changes and new structures constructed on site. The property has been developed (by the Testonis) as a tourist farm with a reduced farm curtilage and although not ideal the management of the surrounding landscape through the establishment of golf courses means views to the farm complex can be appreciated from both Raby Road and Camden Valley Way. The garden has been altered but Gledswood's signature plantings of araucarias (hoop and Bunya pines) remain a landmark in the local area (ibid, 2000, 124). 2012: the front (western) property boundary was relocated to the south west to make way for widening Camden Valley Way & a new driveway entry was installed. 6-7/2013: 3 super lot subdivision of the estate. 2015: drainage works and regrading for landscaping works around the homestead: reflagging verandas and pathways to help protect and restore homestead & outbuildings. 2016: Construct four new golf holes including earthworks, drainage and landscaping works in the north-west paddocks of Gledswood estate. 2017: Subdivided Lot 1203 (southern portion of estate) to create 136 Torrens title residential lots and six residue lots, demolish caretaker's cottage and ancillary structures, bulk earthworks, remediate contaminated land, boundary adjustment between two lots. SHR curtilage revised and reduced to Lot 1201 only - two other lots to south and west excluded now.
Further information:	HO held discussions with a number of interested parties in 2001 concerning this site. Some of these involved retirement village style development proposals. The property was placed on the market in 2003 and sold around March 2003. Any development proposals would require a heritage impact statement which focuses on how the heritage significance of Gledswood can be retained and conserved while allowing appropriate changes.


Current use:	Tourist complex and private residence, golf course housing estate (parts)
Former use:	Aboriginal land, colonial farm and vineyard, rural estate, tourist facility (restaurant, tourist farm, cask room, functions)

History

Historical notes:

The area is home to the Tharawal and Gundungurra people (Robinson, 2008).

Camden & the Cow Pastures:
The area is associated with the early history of the colony of New South Wales. Governor Hunter named it The Cowpastures after cattle which had strayed from the Farm Cove settlement were discovered there in 1795. Due to the early European settlers, namely the Macarthurs, who established flourishing wool, wine and wheat industries here, the area is said to be 'the birthplace of the nation's wealth' (ibid, 2008).

In the early 1840s, Camden farmers turned their attention to wheat growing. Many sowed large areas to cash in on the high prices paid for the local flour which had a good reputation in the Sydney market. Unfortunately rust appeared in the crops in 1861 and 1863 and the industry was ruined along with many farmers (ibid, 2008).

In the 1880s dairy farming became the main industry in the area. GA Porter was the first farmer to send milk to Sydney, from his property Corstorphine, on 6 March 1883. Farms have started to disappear however, due to the pressures of high production costs, milk quotas and competition with dairy companies, and also attractive offers from land developers (ibid, 2008).

Gledswood:
Gabriel Louis Marie Huon de Kerilleau left France and fled to England during the French Revolution. He joined the New South Wales Corps and arrived in Sydney 'in the reduced circumstances of a private soldier' under the name Gabriel Louis in the 'Surprise'in October 1794 (Carroll, 1983, 31).

He was discharged in 1807 and, because of his knowledge of (fluency in) French, became tutor to John Macarthur's sons (ibid, 31).

Governor Macquarie granted him the 400 acres (162ha) which became 'Buckingham; as from 1 January 1810, and he called it Buckingham after the Marquis of Buckingham, who had some part in arranging his discharge (ibid, 31).

Huon de Kerilleau employed convicts to quarry stone on the property and start his building programme. Their first project was the small cottage where they were chained each night. Then they went on to the coach house and the servants' quarters (ibid, 31).

In 1816 Huon de Kerilleau sold the property to James Chisholm for 250 pounds and moved to a new property at Bungonia, near the future site of Goulburn. His son, Paul Huon, became a pioneer in the Wodonga district (ibid, 31).

James Chisholm renamed the property 'Gledswood', and it was he who, from about 1827, had the main homestead built. Chisholm had been involved in the rum trade in the early days of the colony. He was friendly with John Macarthur, who farmed nearby at Camden Park. They shared an interest in the wine industry, which flourished in the district (ibid, 32).

Upon receiving a land grant on Cowpastures rural downs in 1829, James and Elizabeth Chisholm had built Gledswood (homestead) by 1830. A large stuccoed rubble stone house was in the style of an Indian bungalow with an attached kitchen wing and a nearby barn.

James planted the estate's famous garden and his son James II developed them further (Everett, 2003, 4-6).
The property remained in the Chisholm family for the next 90 years.

The estate has also been known as Buckingham (Wikipedia).

James Chisholm's son James Chisholm II (known as Jas) planted its vineyard c.1830. The Macarthurs of Camden Park were friends of the Chisholms and loaned their six German vine dressers to the Chisholms on occasions until the Chisholms imported two other vine dressers of their own in 1847. Chisholm once wrote 'There is much about the vine that renders it an attractive pursuit.' The convict built cellar under the main homestead was capable of holding 20,000 bottles (ibid, 2004, 4-6).

Frederick and Anna Worner worked the vineyard with their six children. Jas Chisholm and his new wife Elizabeth quickly had Gledswood performing well. Besides the vineyard, they ran a fine herd of cattle and developed many breeds of sheep. Chisholm's wool brought the highest prices on the market. The estate had its own butcher shop, a great orchard and house cows which produced milk and cream. Gledswood comprised 1000 acres by 1850 (ibid, 2003, 4-6).

Gledswood (homestead) was extensively renovated during the c.1870s and was noted for its outstanding garden which was expanded by Charles Kinghorne Chisholm and described in the Horticultural Magazine (1870) in the same year that Maryland (Bringelly, a nearby neighbour farm) was featured. The garden remained a prominent feature of Gledswood and was romanticised by (architect, William) Hardy Wilson c.1920. Much like Camden Park Estate, Gledswood has close association with the historical Camden district and for its involvement in pioneering Australia's wool industry.

From 1881-8 Gledswood land was resumed for construction of The Upper Canal across the estate. Bridges were built across the canal to allow access.

In 1907 there was a land exchange with George Molle of Molles Marnes to Gledswood's south, of land south of The Upper Canal. Molle's former land north of the canal (and facing Camden Valley Way) became part of Gledswood.
In 1959, subdivision of Gledswood estate occured, dividing it into three lots (east, east-of east, and west of the canal). From 1968-71 its owners, the Horderns were running cattle on the estate, and did much repairs to buildings.

When the Testoni brothers bought the property in 1971 from Anthony Hordern, a condition of sale was that they would re-establish its winery. This has proven very successful and Gledswood does not produce serious quantities in the new millenium (ibid, 2003, 4). The family established 60 hectares of grapes, mainly classical varieties (Traminer, Trebbiano, Semillon, Barbera, Mataro, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Cabernet Savignon). They also established a small herd of cattle for making cheese (Carroll, 1983, 32). The property has been developed (by the Testonis) as a tourist farm with a reduced farm curtilage and although not ideal the management of the surrounding landscape through the establishment of golf courses means views to the farm complex can be appreciated from both Raby Road and Camden Valley Way. The garden has been altered but Gledswood's signature plantings of araucarias (hoop and Bunya pines) remain a landmark in the local area (ibid, 2000, 124).

In 1972 an area of 38 acres was subdivided from Gledswood. In 1973 the estate was subdivided roughly in half. In 1976 an area of 10 hectares was transferred to Camden Council. In 1978 an area of 400 hectares was subdivided from Gledswood for the El Caballo Blanco equestrian enterprise (GML, 2017, 5).

Gledswood was developed by the Testoni family as a tourist farm with a reduced farm curtilage. The site is owned by Caldla Pty Ltd. Gledswood is currently open to the public as a colonial working farm with additional activities such as wine tasting, wedding functions and a country restaurant. The house is currently unoccupied but is used for functions.

Through the 1980s various changes occurred at Gledswood and new structures were constructed (GML, 2017, 5).

In 2012 the front (western) property boundary was relocated to the south west to make way for widening Camden Valley Way & a new driveway entry was installed. In 2013 there was a major 3 super lot subdivision of the estate. Residential development by Sekisui House was for sale from late 2012 onwards.

In 2015 drainage works and regrading for landscaping works were done around Gledswood's homestead: reflagging verandas and pathways to help protect and restore homestead & outbuildings.

In 2016 four new golf holes were constructed, including earthworks, drainage and landscaping works in the north-west paddocks of the estate.

In 2017 super lot 1203 (the southern portion of the estate) was subdivided to create 136 Torrens title residential lots and six residue lots, demolish caretaker's cottage and ancillary structures, bulk earthworks, remediate contaminated land, boundary adjustment between two lots. Gledswood's State Heritage Register curtilage was revised and reduced to Super Lot 1201 only - two other Super Lots to the south and west (1202, 1203) are excluded from the SHR curtilage now.

In 2020 an application to convert the homestead into a childcare centre was lodged.

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)	New South Wales theme	Local theme
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Gardens-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Other open space-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Introduce cultural planting-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Changing the environment-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Cultural: Plains and plateaux supporting human activities-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Working on private assignment-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Demonstrating convicts' experiences and activities-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Convict-Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities	Creating a gentleman's estate-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Ethnic influences-Activities associated with common cultural traditions and peoples of shared descent, and with exchanges between such traditions and peoples.	French migrants-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture	Private farming-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture	Wine making-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture	Attempting to transplant European farming practices to Australian environments-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture	Ancillary structures - wells, cisterns-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture	Growing vines and maintaining vineyards-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture	Clearing land for farming-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture	Orcharding-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Developing local, regional and national economies-National Theme 3
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of food production-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes and gardens of domestic accommodation-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes and countryside of rural charm-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of cultural and natural interaction-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Gardens demonstrating the travels and sojurns of a gardener-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Significant tree(s) providing rural amenity or character-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Gardens and landscapes reminiscent of an 'old country'-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Pastoralism-Activities associated with the breeding, raising, processing and distribution of livestock for human use	Agisting and fattening stock for slaughter-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Pastoralism-Activities associated with the breeding, raising, processing and distribution of livestock for human use	cattle-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Pastoralism-Activities associated with the breeding, raising, processing and distribution of livestock for human use	Modifying landscapes to increase productivity-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Pastoralism-Activities associated with the breeding, raising, processing and distribution of livestock for human use	Pastoral homestead-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing famous families-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing farming families-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Gentlemens Mansions-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Housing for farm and station hands-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Early land grants-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Early farming (Cattle grazing)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Selecting land for pastoral or agricultural purposes-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Early farming (cropping)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Administering and alienating Crown lands-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Changing land uses - from rural to tourist-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Expressing lines of early grant allotments-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Sub-division of large estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Changing land uses - from rural to suburban-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Resuming private lands for public purposes-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Granting Crown lands for private farming-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Subdivision of rural estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	19th century suburban developments-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	20th century Suburban Developments-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Beautifying rural estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Developing the social life of a rural community-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	living in the country-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Cultural Social and religious life-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Shaping inland settlements-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Creating landmark structures and places in regional settings-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Country Estate-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Rural orchards-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Role of transport in settlement-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Planning manorial villages and systems-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Vernacular hamlets and settlements-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	Developing and operating manorial villages-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Utilities-Activities associated with the provision of services, especially on a communal basis	Providing drinking water-
5. Working-Working	Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour	Private assignment-
5. Working-Working	Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour	Working in orchards-
5. Working-Working	Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour	Working with plants-
5. Working-Working	Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour	Working in vineyards-
5. Working-Working	Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour	Working on pastoral stations-
5. Working-Working	Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour	Working independently on the land-
5. Working-Working	Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour	Servants quarters-
5. Working-Working	Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour	Working with animals-
6. Educating-Educating	Education-Activities associated with teaching and learning by children and adults, formally and informally.	Private (independent) schooling-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Designing landscapes in an exemplary style-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Building in response to climate - bushfires-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Architectural styles and periods - colonial homestead-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Architectural styles and periods - Victorian (late)-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Vernacular structures and building techniques-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Interior design styles and periods - Edwardian-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Interior design styles and periods - Colonial-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Architectural styles and periods - Victorian (mid)-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Interior design styles and periods - Victorian-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - Victorian period-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - colonial period-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - 20th century interwar-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - 20th century post WW2-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - Victorian gardenesque style-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Building in response to natural landscape features.-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - Federation period-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Adaptation of overseas design for local use-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Architectural styles and periods - Victorian (early)-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions.	Living in a rural homestead-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Domestic life-Activities associated with creating, maintaining, living in and working around houses and institutions.	Kitchens and servants-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Outdoor relief-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Tourism-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Visiting gardens-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Horse riding-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Gathering at landmark places to socialise-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Going hunting and shooting-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Visiting heritage places-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Gardening-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Going to a restaurant-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Activities associated with relaxation and recreation-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Going to a museum-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Developing collections of items-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Leisure-Includes tourism, resorts.
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities	Community volunteering-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities	Belonging to an historical society or heritage organisation-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities	Developing local clubs and meeting places-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities	Developing and maintaining a local museum-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities	Joining together to study and appreciate philosophy-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities	Places of formal community gatherings-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities	Places of informal community gatherings-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with James Chisholm Jnr., MLA, MLC, grazier, viticulturist, politician-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with James Kinghorne Chisholm, magistrate, government adviser, educator, farmer, gardener-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Anthony Hordern, retailer, merchant, gentleman farmer-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Gabriel Marie Louis Huon de Kerilleau, emigree, private soldier NSW Corps, tutor and farmer-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with James Chisholm, soldier NSW Corps, trader and farmer-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups	Associations with Governor (later Maj-Gen.) Lachlan Macquarie, 1810-1821-

Assessment of significance


SHR Criteria a) [Historical significance]	The Gledswood Estate was built by James Chisholm c.1830 on land granted to him in 1829 and was upgraded in 1870 to include planned renovations to the buildings and extensions to the gardens that followed within the style of colonial style design.
SHR Criteria b) [Associative significance]	Gledswood's outstanding 19th century garden was mentioned in the Hoticultural Magazine c.1870 and by William Hardy Wilson c.1920 Gledswood remained in the Chisholm family for 90 years and has a strong association with the Camden district.
SHR Criteria c) [Aesthetic significance]	Romanticised by William Hardy Wilson, Gledswood contains one of the best of the Cowpasturers gardens.
SHR Criteria d) [Social significance]	Gledswood estate has a strong association with the Camden district, much like Camden Park, . Gledswood's unique character is recognised by well maintained colonial gardens and buildings that offer a strong historic rural character.
SHR Criteria e) [Research potential]	Gledswood has high potential to yield information on colonial settlement within Cowpastures rural downs, and in a wider sense, Camden and Cumberland County. This information combined with other studies within the area will greatly contribute to a better understanding of our cultural history.
SHR Criteria f) [Rarity]	Gledswood is a rare example of an early Australian homestead characterised by mid 19th century gardens and ornamental plantings.
SHR Criteria g) [Representativeness]	Gledswood is representative of early colonial settlement patterns in the Cowpastures rural downs area. Gledswood's colonial gardens is presentative of traditional European influenced landscapes and of 19th and early 20th century interest in botanical collections.
Integrity/Intactness:	Gledswood has been left largely unaltered in design although adaptive re-use of the buildings and new plant material has been introduced.
Assessment criteria:	Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended management:


	Review of draft 7/2010 Conservation Management Plan (CMP) for the entire estate. Input into VPA for adjoining lands (former estate) now owned by others.

Recommendations

Management Category	Description	Date Updated
Recommended Management	Review a Conservation Management Plan (CMP)
Recommended Management	Prepare a maintenance schedule or guidelines
Recommended Management	Carry out interpretation, promotion and/or education

Procedures /Exemptions

Section of act	Description	Title	Comments	Action date
CMP-Comment	Conservation Plan submitted for comment	CMP for estate (in conjunction with rezoning and a heritage agreement)		Feb 17 2011
CMP-Endorse	Conservation Plan submitted for endorsement	Revised CMP for endorsement		Feb 15 2012
39	Minister makes heritage agreement	Heritage Agreement signed by Minister		May 9 2012
57(2)	Exemption to allow work	Standard Exemptions	ORDER UNDER SECTION 57(2) OF THE HERITAGE ACT 1977 Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977. I, the Hon James Griffin MP, Minister for Environment and Heritage, pursuant to subsection 57(2) of the Heritage Act 1977, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales do by this Order, effective at the time of publication in the New South Wales Government Gazette: 1. revoke the order made on 9 November 2020 and published in the Government Gazette Number 318 of 13 November 2020; and 2. grant the exemptions from subsection 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977 that are described in the attached Schedule. The Hon James Griffin MP Minister for Environment and Heritage Signed this 2nd day of June 2022. To view the standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977 click on the link below.	Jun 17 2022

Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977

Listings

Heritage Listing	Listing Title	Listing Number	Gazette Date	Gazette Number	Gazette Page
Heritage Act - State Heritage Register	Curtilage amendment	01692	22 Dec 06	2017-96	4597
Local Environmental Plan			21 Feb 92
National Trust of Australia register		7752	23 Mar 78
Register of the National Estate	Gledswood & Garden	3252, 3253	21 Mar 78

Study details

Title	Year	Number	Author	Inspected by	Guidelines used
Colonial Landscapes of the Cumberland Plain and Camden, NSW	2000	4.33.3	Morris, C., & Britton, G./NSW National Trust (for the Heritage Council of NSW)	National Trust of Australia (NSW)	Yes
Camden Significant Trees and Vegetated Landscape Study	1993	pp 121-123	Landarc Landscape Architects	Camden Municiple Council	Yes
Camden Park Estate Conservation Plan	1989		Howard Tanner and Associates		Yes

References, internet links & images

Type	Author	Year	Title	Internet Links
Tourism	Attraction Homepage	2012	Gledswood	View detail
Written	Carroll, Brian	1983	The Hume - Australia’s Highway of History - a Heritage Field Guide,
Written	Carroll, Brian	1983	The Hume - Australia’s Highway of History - a heritage field guide,
Written	Clive Lucas Stapleton & Partners	2005	Landscape Conservation Management Plan: Former Gledswood Estate, Catherine Field
Management Plan	Colleen Morris & Geoffrey Britton	2000	4.33.3: Gledswood (entry)	View detail
Written	Eco Logical Australia	2016	Gledswood, El Caballo Blanco & Camden Lakeside Final Aboriginal Test Excavation Report
Written	Eco Logical Australia	2016	900 Camden Valley Way, Gledswood Hills: Archaeological Test Excavation Report for section 60 approvals	View detail
Written	Eco Logical Australia	2015	Gledswood South Residential and Sewer Carrier – Draft Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Assessment report
Written	Everett, David	2004	Frere's Vineyard - Vine Pedigree X in Macarthur (News)
Written	Everett, David	2003	'Vine Pedigree VI: Gledswood - the estate’
Written	Geoffrey Britton Environmental Design and Heritage Consultant	2015	Assessment of Heritage Impact relating to proposed site works for golf links at Gledswood, Gledswood Hills, NSW, 7/2015, Final Report
Written	GML Heritage	2018	Gledswood Lot 1203: results of historical archaeological excavations	View detail
Written	GML Heritage	2017	Lot 1203 Subdivision, Gledswood - Photographic Archival Recording
Written	GML Heritage	2017	Lot 1203 Subdivision, Gledswood - Archaeological Research Design & Excavation Methodology	View detail
Written	GML Heritage	2017	Gledswood, Lot 1203 Subdivision - Interpretation Plan	View detail
Written	Godden Mackay Logan	2008	Gledswood Conservation Management Plan	View detail
Written	Godden Mackay Logan, in association with Geoffrey Britton	2011	Gledswood Conservation Management Plan
Written	Godden Mackay Logan, in association with Geoffrey Britton	2011	Gledswood - Conservation Management Plan
Written	Hughes Trueman P/L	2008	Gledswood Homestead, Stables and Convict House - Structural Condition Report
Written	Landarc Landscape Architects	1993	Camden Significant trees and Landscape Study
Written	Osborne, Kayla	2020	'Plan to restore homestead'	View detail
Written	Robinson, Steve	2008	Camden West	View detail
Other	Sheedy, David	1977	Listing Proposal for National Trust
Written	Tropman & Tropman Architects	2003	Draft Master Plan Strategy: Gledswood, Camden Valley Way, Catherine Field, NSW
Written	Tropman & Tropman Architects	2003	Conservation Management Plan: Gledswood, Camden Valley Way, Catherine Field, SSW	View detail
Written	Virtus Heritage	2015	Gledswood Estate - Historical Heritage Assessment & Heritage Impact Statement

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details)

Data source


The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name:	Heritage NSW
Database number:	5051540
File number:	EF14/4510; s90/05984

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager.

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