Kenmore Hospital Precinct

Item details

Name of item: Kenmore Hospital Precinct
Type of item: Landscape
Group/Collection: Landscape - Cultural
Category: Hospital
Location: Lat: -34.7187602884 Long: 149.7554466130
Primary address: Taralga Road, Goulburn, NSW 2580
Local govt. area: Goulburn Mulwaree
Local Aboriginal Land Council: Pejar
Property description
Lot/Volume CodeLot/Volume NumberSection NumberPlan/Folio CodePlan/Folio Number
LOT5 DP1078852
All addresses
Street AddressSuburb/townLGAParishCountyType
Taralga RoadGoulburnGoulburn Mulwaree  Primary Address

Owner/s

Organisation NameOwner CategoryDate Ownership Updated
LFA (Pacific) Pty LtdPrivate 

Statement of significance:

The Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital site is of State significance: as the first purpose-built, whole complex for mental health care in rural NSW; as the largest example of the work of W.L. Vernon (the first Government Architect); and for having been used and maintained by the one agency for the original purpose continuously (except for the brief Defence period during WWII).

The Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital complex is a representation, in physical form, of the changing ideas and policies concerning the treatment of the mentally ill and handicapped people, in the State, spanning one hundred years.

Within the Hospital precinct, and within the actual layout and design of the precinct buildings and landscape, these changing ideals are 'laid out' one upon another like successive occupation layers of an archaeological site. The Hospital fabric also clearly evidences the Military occupancy of the site.

The original 1890s Vernon complex of buildings still evidence the features that made Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital one of the most modern psychiatric institution of its day. Many of the buildings which followed the Vernon structures have significant historical associations in their own right and in their functional relationships with the original Vernon buildings.

The early buildings of Kenmore, particularly the 'core' Vernon buildings, represent perhaps the finest 'corporate' architectural expression of the Edwardian (later Federation) Free style in Australia.

The institution of Kenmore has important links with the community of the locality and region. These links were particularly strong in the early 20th century, when Kenmore was a focal point for regional sporting and cultural activities.

The institution of Kenmore has played a pivotal role in the evolution and development of treatment for the mentally ill and handicapped in the State of NSW.

The farm complex of Kenmore is culturally significant as a physically intact precinct created as an integral part of rehabilitation treatment for the patients of Kenmore. The sporting related functions, particularly the cricket pavilion, are significant as exemplars of the close connection of Kenmore to its community, and the use of sport as an integral part of rehabilitation treatment.

The cemetery complex, and its landscape, is a significant element of the life / death cycle of the Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital. It is one of the few 'pauper' cemeteries in the state.

The institutionalisation of psychiatric patients is a function now less practised. A large psychiatric institution, such as Kenmore, although not unique, demonstrates a way of life and a treatment ethic now no longer practised. The layout and design of the core buildings clearly evidence the institutional beliefs and treatments of psychiatric patients in the late 19th century.

The Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital, although not unique as a remnant late 19th century psychiatric hospital, is by its intactness and architectural excellence an exemplar of the structure and philosophy and physical basis of the institution. The hospital also has specific association with those Inspectors General who ran it. (Freeman 1999:25).
Date significance updated: 13 Nov 03
Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description

Designer/Maker: Walter Liberty Vernon
Construction years: 1879-1895
Physical description: Hospital Complex:
Total area is (?)(In 1879, 340.5 acres (137.8 ha) was purchased by the government for a hospital (wikipedia entry: K.H.).
The former Kitchen Garden, Orchard and Hospital Farm alone comprise 32.8ha (Musecape, 2012, 51).
A Hospital village (self-supporting up to WW2) (LEP, 2009) set in extensive parkland and gardens. The comlex was not only a mental health facility but a working farm, in its heyday (The Goulburn Post, 2020).

The village includes nineteen ward buildings, Administration buildings, kitchen, assorted staff dwellings and a river Pump-house. All are made of orange-red brick (kiln-fired on site) with sandstone features in walls. Original rooves are of Welsh slate. Slate stoops and stairways feature throughout most buildings (LEP, 2009). The buildings are arranged in a wide-spread 'V' shape, like the wings of a large bird, seen from above (Stuart Read, from photograph).

Because the campus demonstrates a level of exceptional significance for its pivotal role in the evolution and development of treatment for the mentally ill and handicapped in NSW; and contains perhaps the finest corporate architectural expression of the Edwardian Free Style in Australia, it can be said to be of exceptional significance. Kenmore Hospital is a rare or outstanding item of State significance with a high degree of intactness. The campus can be interpreted relatively easily (Freeman 1999: 29-30).

Many of the hospital buildings were designed by Government Architect, Walter Liberty Vernon. The tall clock tower is the centre piece of the hospital comlex. Its bell also sounded as a fire alarm, according to author Phil Leighton-Daly's history book. The Chapel and Recreation hall was constructed from 1893 to 1897, according to Mr. Leighton-Daly. Walter Liberty Vernon designed the building (Goulburn Post, 2020).

Gazebos / Summerhouses:
A timber gazebo / summerhouse to the northwest of Building 50 (former Acute Psychiatric Ward / Industrious Male Ward) is an important built element in the cultural landscape that should be retained and conserved. A similar gazebo is located int he rear courtyard of Building 18 (former Quiet and Industrious Female Ward / Patient Ward). In addition to their aesthetic qualities these structures enabled staff and patients to enjoy the landscaped grounds within roofed shelters that provided views in all directions (Musecape, 2012, 39, 40).

War Memorial and Garden:
A World War One memorial in the grounds was built in 1924 and honours 50 staff who served in the defence forces. It is made of stone, with a flagpole and is located on the hospital's central lawn in front (west) of the main administration building (Building 1 (Administration)), with a pair of tall desert fan palms (Washingtonia robusta) flanking a central paved path to the monument (Stuart Read, from photo in the Goulburn Post, 2020). The memorial was relocated here and also honours staff who served in WW2 (Musecape, 2012, 39).

Kenmore Cemetery:
Kenmore Hospital Cemetery, which was in use from 1895, is of State heritage significance. It represents a significant element in the life and death cycle of the Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital and is one of the few 'pauper' cemeteries in NSW (LEP, 2009).

"The Forest"
This area west of the main administration building complex towards Wollondilly Avenue and Taralga Road contains a number of mature tree plantings, including Australian hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii); Mediterranean cypress /pencil pine (Cupressus sempervirens); Mediterranean holm / holly / evergreen oak (Quercus ilex); Turkey oak (Q.cerris); Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra 'Italica'); American white oak (Quercus bicolor) and live oak (Q.virginiana); African podocarp, Outeniqua yellowwood (Afrocarpus falcatus/ Nageia falcata); European (or 'English') elms (Ulmus procera); Bhutan cypress (Cupressus torulosa); smooth Arizona cypress (Cupressus glabra); American honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos); and Californian desert fan palms (Washingtonia robusta)(Stuart Read, site visit, 9/6/2006; supplemented by Musecape, 2012, 34).

Avenue and Row Plantings on Internal Roads:
Avenue and row plantings run along the hospital's internal roads - with mature trees as significant elements in the cultural landscape, particularly early plantings of planes (Platanus spp.) and palms (Washingtonia spp.), along Manning Drive north of the Cricket oval and the L-shaped row of Canary Island date palms (Phoenix canariensis) run along roads beyond the southern part of the Arboretum/Botanical Park, A row of elms (Ulmus sp.) run along the northern boundary of the Central Core (Precinct 1), adjoining Lamina Park. The internal road towards former Wards W9-11 has a mixed avenue planting of deciduous trees. Eucalypts and purple-leafed cherry plums (Prunus cerasifera 'Nigra') line the road towards the southern end of the site (Musecape, 2012, 33, 35, 36).

Specimen Tree Plantings:
Many individual trees and groups of trees are significant elements in their own right, requiring further investigation to achieve accurate identifcations and assessment of their condition. Examples include a mature Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) is next to the Rossiville fountain, a large two-trunked specimen of coast(al) redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) at the southern end of Building 2 (Kenmore Hall), a mature Bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii) in the grounds of Building 22 'Coorawong' (former DOCS Administration, Medical Superintendent's residence, Nurses' quarters. Fine specimens of Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) and Bunya pine are nera the Kenmore Hospital Museum (Musecape, 2012, 37, 38).

Other mature trees on site include: Monterey pine (Pinus radiata); Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica 'Plumosa'; Himalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara); Bhutan cypress (Cupressus torulosa); European (or 'English') elms (Ulmus procera); Californian desert fan palms (Washingtonia robusta) and eucalypts (Stuart Read, from photos, Goulburn Post, 2020).

Rossiville Fountain and Curtilage:
This charming fountain and ornamental pond features a circular concrete platform supported on four concrete pillars and surmounted by a painted sculpture of a young boy and girl holding an humbrella. Water spurts from the top fo the umbrella and flows down over its surface, then into the pond, which is planted with water lilies (Musecape, 2012, 40).

Landscaped settings of Historic Ward and Other Buildings:
Many of the ward buildings have landscaped settings that include ornamental plantings, lawn areas, hedges, shrubberies, specimen trees and, in some cases, they once had quite complex garden (parterre bed) layouts. A number have 'ha-ha' walls, devices that ensured patients remained within the bounds of the wards but enabled them to see beyond the walls to the grounds and rural landscape beyond. These settings require further investigation to assess their relative significance and determine appropriate conservation management strategies (Musecape, 2012, 40-42).

Playing Fields:
Kenmore has a long history of hosting sporting events including cricket, hockey and football. The main cricket oval has high historic, associational and social significance for former staff and inmates, the Goulburn community and visiting sporting teams (Musecape, 2012, 43).

The site for the cricket oval was selected in mid-1898 and fencing commenced, even though the ground had yet to be levelled, dressed and seeded. It was eventually laid out (after the rest of the grounds were laid out) under the directions of Dr Charles Hogg, who was senior medical officer during the first decade of the 20th century and from 1910, the hospital's medical superintendent. He was a noted cricket enthusiast who played in the hospital team, and was probably early in his term as medical superintendent when the cricket pavilion was built. Cricket has been played on the grounds every summer for over 100 years. The Goulburn and District Senior Cricket Assn. (in conjunction with the junior cricket assn.) have a license to use Kenmore's field until January 2012 (ibid, 2012, 43).

Hockey:
Hockey was taken up seriously at Kenmore in 1901 when W. Harman, a New Zealander attached to the hospital, organised this for the recreation of staff. In the following season interest extended and the Goulburn team which included S & W Pritzler visited Kenmore. That team called itself the 'All Blacks' and arrived with faces blackened and wearing skull-and-crossbones on their shirts. Some arrived in a home-made rickshaw which capsized before the match,. S & R Smith, who subsequently developed into fine players took part in the first match. Rus Smith said he had no choice as Major Foxall gave him the option of making up his deficiency in military parades by either appearing on the hockey field or being sent to a detention camp. Between 1910-13 several clubs came into existence, including Kenmore. Play was suspended during World War 1 but in the 1920s many of the old clubs reformed. Joy CLub, established by Dr Moffit, won the 1924 premiership. International, national and state hockey teams travelled to Kenmore to play demonsrtation matches against the local teams. The main field in the Central Core is well-maintained by staff and volunteers and used regularly for cricket and football matches by local and visiting teams. (ibid, 2012, 44).

Other sports:
Many other sports palyed by staff, patients and community included soccer, football, tennis, bowls, etc. Weekends were extremely busy as the community came to participate or to watch. The Goulburn City Swans Australian Rules Football Club still holds its 'at-home' matches at Kenmore and has an agreement to remain on the site as a non-exclusive license holder until January 2012 (ibid, 2012, 45).

Walls:
The 'ha-ha' walls enclosing the yards of several former Ward Buildings are important evidence of past practices in mental health care. At several former mental hospitals, including Rozelle, Rydalmere and Kenmore, such walls were used to keep inmates in while allowing them to take advantage of views out into the grounds and the rural countryside beyond. An extensive dry stone wall separating the formal garden areas to the west of the Administration Building from landscaped areas to the west, was built with the assistance of male patients. The 'ha-ha' walls and dry stone wall are significant landscape elements that should be retained and conserved (ibid, 2012, 47).

Water Pumping and Storage Facilities:
The supply of water to the hospital for drinking, cooking and washing and for farm use and grounds maintenance was critical to operation of the site. Prior to connection to Goulburn's town water supply and, today, for grounds maintenance only, water has been drawn from the Wollondilly River and stored on site. Water storage facilities, located inside the Taralga Road boundary, include a significant early cast iron tank on a brick base, two in-ground 'swimming pool' like storages and an elevated concrete tank (ibid, 2012, 48).

Site of a former Orchard:
An orchard was an integral part of many institutional grounds, providing staff and patients weith a ready supply of fresh fruit for eating and preserving. Although only a few scattered trees survive towards the Wollondilly River, the orchard once occuped a large area of 16 acres (6.4 ha). In any redevelompent of the site it would be desirable to interpret this past function through the planting of a sample orchard, subject to plant quarantine and management requirements. If the former ward buildings in Riverside (Precinct 4) were to be adapted for boutique hotel use, a small orchard could be planted to provide fresh produce (ibid, 2012, 49). Fruit trees included apples, cherries, peaches, pears, plums and apricots. Irrigation was by a system of reticulation pipes laid throughout the orchard. Most fruit for hospital use was preserved in the form of jams and any surplus fruit was sent to market for sale (ibid, 2021, 51).

Sites of former Kitchen Garden and Hospital Farm:
Kenmore's Kitchen Garden once occuped 14 acres (5.6ha) of land and produced most of the vegetables used in the hospital's kitchens. THe farm occupied 52 acres (20.8ha), much of which is now in Precinct 5 (Lamina Park). Paddocks produced much of the feed required for the hospital's animal stock. Cultivated crops included maize for ensilage, oats, lucerne and barley. A large silo built in connection with the hospital's dairy stored feed for the milking herd of 30 to 40 cows of various breeds. Another 12 head of dry cows were running on the property as well as a number of horses and pigs. The dairy herd supplied all the milk the hospital required. Meat was obtained from cattle bought at the sales at Goulburn stockyards and then fattened on the Rossiville estate, a property of 670 acres once proposed as the site of a mental hospital, before Kenmore was built. There were also fowl yards and bee hives on the property (ibid, 2012, 52).

Internal Roads:
Many of these date from early in the site's develompent and are named in honour of persons important int he design (e.g. Vernon Avenue) or management 9e.g. Naughten Avenue, Manning Drive, Ross Avenue) of the hospital. Wherever possible, the historic alignemnts and surface treatments of these roads should be retained in any redevelopment of the site. New roads and/or lanes could continue the historic naming protocol or reflect other aspects of the site's environment or history. At the former Prince Henry site in Little Bay (Sydney), original roads were named after famous figures in medical history (e.g. Addison, Curie). New internal roads have been given the names of Aboriginal words for local flora, fauna and landforms (ibid, 2012, 52).

Other landscape elements:
Apart from trees and other items listed above, there are several other significant landscape elements in the site. These include the fabric and layout of the grounds, which reflect the evolution of the place as a psychiatric hospital during a period of more than 100 years (ibid, 2012, 53).

Lost elements:
Many elements have been lost over the years, removed in redevelopment programs or to reduce maintenance loads. These include many of the more intricate garden beds and structures such as garden arches and arbours. Recreational facilities on the bank of the Wollondilly River have also gone, either removed for safety reasons or swept away in floods. Examples are given on p.54 (ibid, 2012, 54).
Date condition updated:30 May 14
Modifications and dates: Additional buildings - 1904 - 1912 onwards. Some external modifications 1920s to late 1960s (LEP, 2009)
Current use: disused
Former use: Aboriginal land, farm, Mental Hospital; Convalescent Hospital.

History

Historical notes: Pre-contact:
MacAlister notes that initiation ceremonies were performed opposite Kenmore hospital (MacAlister, 1907:85*). The importance of the Kenmore region was confirmed during fieldwork in 2013 (J.Boney pers.comm*, *both quoted in Biosys, 2015, 19-20).

Post-contact:
The Kenmore estate was originally owned by William Lithgow and Andrew Allen. Their grants of land can be traced back to the mid-1820s, the time of Goulburn's first European settlement. The village of Kenmore developed from a number of land sales from the late 1870s (Newton, 2015).

1. LAND ACQUISITIONS and Kenmore Estate:
Kenmore Hospital is situated within the Parish of Narrangarril, County of Argyle, City of Goulburn. The name Kenmore, after the village of Perthshire was given by William Lithgow, Colonial Auditor General, to a grant of 2,000 acres north of the Wollondilly River which he received in 1825 (National Trust of Australia).

This was combined in the middle of the 19th century with a grant originally made to Andrew Allen and called Strathallen, after the small river just south of Kenmore, Scotland. The combined holding was called Kenmore Estate and the name has continued in use for the hospital and the village which grew up near it, even though the hospital is on the former Strathallen grant (ibid).

By the 1870s the owner of Kenmore Estate was Mr S T Gibson and upon his death in 1879 the estate was subdivided. At the auction on 29 October 1879 the District Surveyor, Mr Edward Twynam (who resided at nearby Riversdale) purchased lot 32, of 173 acres, at 4,100 pounds ($9) per acres and lot 33, of 175 acres, for 3 pounds ($6) per acre, for the government for use as a lunatic asylum. Lot 32 is the area on which the hospital buildings stand and lot 33 is the area to the north of this, across Kenmore Creek (ibid). (In October 1879, 340.5 acres (137.8 ha) of land of the Kenmore Estate was purchased by the government at a cost of (Pounds)1,252 (wikipedia entry: Kenmore Hospital).

A curious piece of departmental bunglings is revealed by transactions in connection with Kenmore and Rossiville estates. Rossiville was purchased by the Government in 1890 (for 15,158 pounds) for the building of a lunatic asylum, it having forgotten that it owned Kenmore since 1879. The proposal to establish an asylum at Rossiville was abandoned after protests on the grounds of possible contamination of the twon water supply. In 1890, the decision to build at Kenmore was rescinded by Parliament and in 1891 competitive designs for a hospital at Rossimore were invited. Architect and Town Planner, John Sulman won the competition but the commission was awarded to the second prize winner, Walter Liberty Vernon (ibid).

In 1892 Goulburn City Council was still protesting against the proposal to build at Rossiville and urging Kenmore on the government as the alternative. In the meantime the decision to build at Kenmore was reaffirmed. After some arkward questions were asked in Parliament in 1895 as to why two lots of land had been purchased for the same purpose, the Government called for a report on the suitability of Rossiville for an experimental farm. The expert opinion was unfavourable. In 1897 the Minister in charge admitted that he did not know what the estate cost, why it was unoccupied or how it was to be used. In fact, up until 1908 rossiville was used for the slaughtering of cattle for Kenmore Hospital, to the possible danger of the municipal water supply. The Department of Agriculture again inspected it and nothing came of it (ibid).

2. ESTABLISHMENT:
The Government agreed in 1891 to the Department of Lands disposing of the 757 acres at Rossiville and some adjoining Crown Land, under the Closer Settlement Act. Two acres of the old estate were reserved for mining purposes to enable the Hospital to obtain soil for the cricket pitch and topsoil. This two acres, on Pomeroy Road, was gazetted as part of the Hospital in 1954 (ibid).

The only other remaining link with Rossiville is the fountain in the pond near the canteen. The fountain was made in Italy and displayed in the Italian Court of the Sydney International Exhibition of 1879. At the close of the exhibition it was purchased by the owner of Rossiville, at that time the Compte de Rossi. When Rossiville was purchased in 1890 the fountain became Government property. After necessary repairs it was brought to Kenmore in 1899 and erected on a large mound about where the steps are in the low brick fence between the Administration Block and the Medical Superintendent's residence. It was shifted to its present position some years later when the present road from Ward 1 to Ward 19 was constructed (ibid).

3. COMMENCEMENT OF BUILDING:
The establishment of an asylum at Goulburn had been recommended by Dr. F. Norton Manning, the first Inspector General of the Insane (National Trust of Australia). Manning, a prominent early Australian psychiatrist, fought to establish a psychiatric hospital in the serene estate of Kenmore (ibid, 2015).

The hospital's architect was Government Architect, Walter Liberty Vernon. The two-storey brick main administration building was one of the first constructed at Kenmore from 1893 to 1897 and showed of Vernon's mastery of the Arts and Crafts architectural movement (Thrower, 2020).

In 1895 it was opened as the Kenmore Lunatic Asylum, 13 years before Morrisset Hospital on the Central Coast. Throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries, both these facilities once accommodated up to 1500 and 1400 mental health patients respectively (ibid, 2015).

Walter Liberty Vernon (1846-1914) was both architect and soldier. Born in England, he ran successful practices in Hastings and London and had estimable connections in artistic and architectural circles. In 1883 he had a recurrence of bronchitic asthma and was advised to leave the damp of England. He and his wife sailed to New South Wales. Before leaving, he gained a commission to build new premises for Messrs David Jones and Co., in Sydney's George Street. In 1890 he was appointed Government Architect - the first to hold that title - in the newly reorganised branch of the Public Works Department. He saw his role as building 'monuments to art'. His major buildings, such as the Art Gallery of New South Wales (1904-6) are large in scale, finely wrought in sandstone, and maintaining the classical tradition. Among others are the Mitchell Wing of the State Library, Fisher Library at the University of Sydney and Central Railway Station. He also added to a number of buildings designed by his predecessors, including Customs House, the GPO and Chief Secretary's Building - with changes which did not meet with the approval of his immediate predecessor, James Barnet who, nine years after his resignation, denounced Vernon's additions in an essay and documentation of his own works. In England, Vernon had delighted his clients with buildings in the fashionable Queen Anne style. In NSW, a number of British trained architects who were proponents of the Arts and Crafts style joined his office and under their influence, Vernon changed his approach to suburban projects. Buildings such as the Darlinghurst First Station (Federation Free style, 1910) took on the scale and character of their surroundings. Under Vernon's leadership, an impressive array of buildings was produced which were distinguished by interesting brickwork and careful climatic considerations, by shady verandahs, sheltered courtyards and provision for cross-flow ventilation. Examples are courthouses in Parkes (1904), Wellington (1912) and Bourke, Lands Offices in Dubbo (1897) and Orange (1904) and the Post Office in Wellington (1904)(Le Sueur, 2016, 7).

Kenmore Hospital employed hundreds of nurses throughout its history. Social activities were common at Kenmore Hospital, which was described as a miniature village. The hospital's life and operations were captured in photographs by the late Joe Medway, who worked at the hospital for many years and was an accomplished photographer. These show gatherings and activites on site, such as: Kenmore Rifle Club members in 1914; ladies dressed up for a day out in the Kenmore Pleasure Ground, a popular recreation spot by the Wollondilly River; games of cricket; musical and theatrical events. Dr Charles Moffitt, who was medical superintendent from 1921 to 1937, organised many musical comedies, fancy dress activities and recitals during his time. During World War Two a military hospital was operating at the complex (Thrower, 2020).

Kenmore had a working farm, including a dairy, piggery, orchard, vegetable gardens and more across its wide expanse. That and sporting facilities such as a cricket ground and bowling green were welcome distractions for both patients and the community who visited the site. The Kenmore Pleasure Ground along the nearby Wollondilly River was also a popular spot in earlier days. Medical superintendents like Dr Charles Moffitt (1921-1937) encouraged entertainment such as musicals, dances, plays and talking movies for staff and patients (ibid, 2020).

Part of Kenmore was also used as a repatriation hospital for injured Australian soldiers following both World Wars. Kenmore patient records are available from State Records NSW (ibid, 2015).

A later superintendent (than Dr Charles Moffitt), Dr David Morgan, is described as strict but fair, with an occasional penchant for employing staff with cricketing prowess. Mr Leighton-Daly spoke to former nurse manager Bob Seaman, Bob Smith and Kerry Williams (before his death in 2020) about their working days and prowess for the Kenmore Cricket team that sometimes went on tour (ibid, 2020).

Mr Leighton-Daly's new book covers darker tales like the spate of suicides and drownings in the Wollondilly, particularly at the end of World War Two, and the accidental shooting of Nurse Elizabeth Naughton by an ex-soldier in 1922. The author uncovers stories of the 'sly grog trade' operated by patients, an SP bookie ring, ex-residents' humpies in the nearby Cookbundoon ranges and a council inquiry into night-soil contamination in the Wollondilly River.At its peak, the hospital housed about 1300 patients and was described by one 1935 visitor as "a delightful little village nestled in the hills." (ibid, 2020).

Kenmore was a 54 Bed Pyschiatric facility - assorted Health offices (LEP, 2009).

The state government sold it in 2005 to Longreach Capital Pty Ltd for $3 million. It has passed through several private interests, including the latest company, Australia China International Pty Ltd., in 2016. All have promised redevelopment but little has eventuated (ibid, 2020).

Former school teacher and avid historian Phil Leighton-Daly has just written a two-volume history of Kenmore Hospital, titled 'Moldering Treasures of a Psychiatric Hospital'. The second volume is a potted history while the third is a photographic collection. The books build on his 2014 volume one work, the 300-page 'Wednesday's Child'. Mr Leighton-Daly is disappointed that the new owners are "denying" the community access to a World War One memorial in the grounds. It was built in 1924 and honours 50 staff who served in the defence forces (ibid, 2020).

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)New South Wales themeLocal theme
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Gardens-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Other open space-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Cultural: Plains and plateaux supporting human activities-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Modification of terrain-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Introduce cultural planting-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures. Changing the environment-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture Private farming-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture cropping river flats-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture Ancillary structures fencing-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture Ancillary structures - sheds, crop storage-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture Ancillary structures - wells, cisterns-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture Attempting to transplant European farming practices to Australian environments-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture Marking the transition from pastoralism to agriculture-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture-Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture Clearing land for farming-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Unseen but Present-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Developing local, regional and national economies-National Theme 3
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Creating environments evocative of the 'old country'-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Landscapes of food production-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Landscapes of passive recreation-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Landscapes and countryside of rural charm-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Landscapes of urban and rural interaction-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Landscapes demonstrating styles in landscape design-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Landscapes and parklands of distinctive styles-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings Landscapes of institutions - productive and ornamental-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Events-Activities and processes that mark the consequences of natural and cultural occurences Developing local landmarks-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Pastoralism-Activities associated with the breeding, raising, processing and distribution of livestock for human use Agisting and fattening stock for slaughter-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Pastoralism-Activities associated with the breeding, raising, processing and distribution of livestock for human use Modifying landscapes to increase productivity-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies Pastoralism-Activities associated with the breeding, raising, processing and distribution of livestock for human use Livestock structures-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Building settlements, towns and cities-National Theme 4
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing (regional towns)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Victorian era offices-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing ordinary families-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Accommodating workers in workers' housing-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Farm homestead-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Edwardian era residence-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Adapted heritage building or structure-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Architectural design-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Victorian era residence-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Federation era residence-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. early settlement or worker's cottage-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Federation era office building-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Federation era office building-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. gate-house-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. inter-war residence-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing public servants and officials-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing working animals-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing medical staff-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Early land grants-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Fencing boundaries - hedging and hedgerows-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Early farming (cropping)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Fencing boundaries - mortared stone walls-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Expressing lines of early grant allotments-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Early farming (sheep grazing)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Administering and alienating Crown lands-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Leasing land for pastoral purposes-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Changing land uses - from rural to suburban-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Fencing boundaries - retaining walls and embankments-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Resuming private lands for public purposes-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Fencing boundaries - dry stone walls-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Early farming (Cattle grazing)-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Stone Wall-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Sub-division of large estates-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Granting Crown lands for private farming-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working in orchards-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Servants quarters-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working with animals-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Providing job training and placement services-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working as a manager or executive officer-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working in health care-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working on public infrastructure projects-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working independently on the land-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working with hand tools and implements-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working on pastoral stations-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working with plants-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working in laundries-
5. Working-Working Labour-Activities associated with work practises and organised and unorganised labour Working on the land-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. State government-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - facilitating agriculture-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - providing museums-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - conserving cultural and natural heritage-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - building and operating public infrastructure-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - administering a public health system-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - administering a public health system-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - providing health care facilities-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - grants of land for agriculture-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - facilitating pastoralism-
7. Governing-Governing Government and Administration-Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Creating and displaying Coats of Arms and official emblems and symbols-
7. Governing-Governing Welfare-Activities and process associated with the provision of social services by the state or philanthropic organisations Convalescent hospital-
7. Governing-Governing Welfare-Activities and process associated with the provision of social services by the state or philanthropic organisations Providing hospital facilities-
7. Governing-Governing Welfare-Activities and process associated with the provision of social services by the state or philanthropic organisations Hospital-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Applying architectural design to utlilitarian structures-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Landscaping - Victorian gardenesque style-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Architectural styles and periods - Federation Arts and Crafts-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Landscaping - Federation period-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Walter Liberty Vernon, Government Architect 1890-1911, private architect-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life Persons-Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Dr Frederick Norton Manning, Medical reformer-

Assessment of significance

SHR Criteria a)
[Historical significance] 		The Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital complex is a representation, in physical form, of the changing ideas and policies concerning the treatment of the mentally ill and handicapped people, in the State, spanning one hundred years.

Within the Hospital precinct, and within the actual layout and design of the precinct buildings and landscape, these changing ideals are 'laid out' one upon another like successive occupation layers of an archaeological site. The Hospital fabric also clearly evidences the Military occupancy of the site.

The original 1890s Vernon complex of buildings still evidence the features that made Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital the best planned, the best situated and the most modern psychiatric institution of its day. Many of the buildings which followed the Vernon structures have significant historical associations in their own right and in their functional relationships with the original Vernon buildings. (Freeman 1999:25).
SHR Criteria b)
[Associative significance] 		The institution of Kenmore has played a pivotal role in the evolution and development of treatment for the mentally ill and handicapped in the State of NSW.

The hospital has specific associations with those who created the philosophical and physical basis of the institution. The Hospital and its landscape also has specific association with those Inspector Generals who ran it. (Freeman 1999:25).
SHR Criteria c)
[Aesthetic significance] 		The early buildings of Kenmore, particularly the 'core' Vernon buildings, represent perhaps the finest 'corporate' architectural expression of the Edwardian (later Federation) Free style in Australia.

The unity of the building complex, and the quality of the design, detailing and construction is exceptional. The relationship between buildings and landscape is an important reflection of institutional landscape management over a period of one hundred years. The riverside setting on land which slopes gently towards the depression of the river provides Kenmore with an exceptional aspect that is viewed from the major transport (road and rail) to the east. This aspect has been enhanced by the Goulbourn town bypass road and ensures that the town is identified to a large extent by the Kenmore Hospital aspect.
(Freeman 1999:25).
SHR Criteria d)
[Social significance] 		The institution of Kenmore once had important links with the community of the locality and region. These links were particularly strong in the early 20th century, when Kenmore was a focal point for regional sporting and cultural activities.

With the prohibition of 'external' use of the Kenmore playing fields and the virtual 'close down' of the majority of the Kenmore buildings, these links with the community (both actual and virtual) are now not much more than historical associations.

However, when the Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital was in its 'prime', it was a centre for sporting excellence in the region and great pride was felt by patients, staff and the Goulbourn community in the Kenmore playing fields.

The Hospital is regarded today by the community, former staff and patients in both a positive and negative light. There is the positive contribution of Kenmore to the community; and the negative ethos of psychiatric institutions.
(Freeman 1999:25).
SHR Criteria e)
[Research potential] 		The institutionalisation of psychiatric patients is a function now less practiced. A large psychiatric institution, such as Kenmore, although not unique, demonstrates a way of life and a treatment ethic now no longer practised. The layout and design of the core buildings clearly evidence the institutional beliefs and treatments of psychiatric patients in the late 19th century.

The 1990s has seen the de-institutionalisation of eth State's psychiatric care; and the gradual removal from Kenmore is a State and National phenomenon.

The archive files of the Kenmore Hospital mental health activities elicit numerous requests for the provision of historical and archival data. The Archive si almost complete (extending back to Patient No. 1), and is of great historical importance. The Archives should be curated and conserved in proper condition.

The services reticulation within the site is significant in its own right. The 'oral history' archive retained by the past and present artisans is of cultural significance. This oral history is being lost because trades expertise is being lost to the campus, and with it the oral history record associated with the twentieth century history of the place.

Kenmore has traditionally played a 'service' role. With the closure of that service period, the opportunity to assess and interpret the role of the institution is now being taken. A Kenmore museum is currently being relocated to one of the historical ward buildings. The core precinct within the campus is virtually a living museum. There is an opportunity to reinterpret the whole role of psychiatric treatment in the State of Kenmore. (Freeman 1999:25).
SHR Criteria f)
[Rarity] 		Whereas psychiatric hospitals were once viable and important institutions dealing with the mentally ill and handicapped, the radical changes in recent years in the treatment of mental illness has resulted in very low rates of institutionalisation and the closure of purpose-built facilities. Although part of Kenmore have been handed over for alternative uses, it is the most intact of the large psychiatric institutions (apart from the modern hospitals at Stockton and Orange), Kirkbride (Callan Park, which was the first purpose-built hospital of the type, has now been handed over to alternative uses. Kenmore is therefore the last, substantially 19th century hospital, to remain as a functioning hospital for the mentally ill. (Freeman 1999:25).
SHR Criteria g)
[Representativeness] 		The Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital, although not unique as a remnant late 19th century psychiatric hospital, is by its intactness and architectural excellence an exemplar of the structure and philosophy of psychiatric institutions of its time.
(Freeman 1999:25).
Assessment criteria: Items are assessed against the PDF State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Recommended management:

Recommendations

Management CategoryDescriptionDate Updated
Recommended ManagementReview a Conservation Management Plan (CMP) 
Recommended ManagementPrepare a maintenance schedule or guidelines 
Recommended ManagementCarry out interpretation, promotion and/or education 

Procedures /Exemptions

Section of actDescriptionTitleCommentsAction date
CMP-EndorseConservation Plan submitted for endorsementHeritage Impact Assessment for proposed precinct subdivision and new uses for hospital  
57(2)Exemption to allow workStandard Exemptions HERITAGE ACT 1977

ORDER UNDER SECTION 57(2) TO GRANT STANDARD EXEMPTIONS FROM APPROVAL

I, Penny Sharpe, the Minister for Heritage, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales and under section 57(2) of the Heritage Act 1977:

revoke the order made on 2 June 2022 and published in the Government Gazette Number 262 of 17 June 2022; and

grant an exemption from section 57(1) of the Act in respect of the engaging in or carrying out the class of activities described in clause 2 Schedule A in such circumstances specified by the relevant standards in clause 2 Schedule A and General Conditions in clause 3 Schedule A.

This Order takes effect on the date it is published in the NSW Government Gazette.

Dated this 29th day of October 2025
The Hon Penny Sharpe MLC
Minister for Heritage

For more information on standard exemptions click on the link below. 		Nov 7 2025

PDF Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977

Listings

Heritage ListingListing TitleListing NumberGazette DateGazette NumberGazette Page
Heritage Act - State Heritage Register 0172801 Apr 05 381013
Heritage Act - Icons Project Nomination for SHR listing  18 Jun 04   
Heritage Act - s.170 NSW State agency heritage registerNSW Dept. of Health s.170 register 01 Feb 92   
National Trust of Australia register  2408   
Register of the National Estate - Interim 18455   

Study details

TitleYearNumberAuthorInspected byGuidelines used
Goulburn Heritage Study: final report1983 Lester Firth P/L  No

References, internet links & images

TypeAuthorYearTitleInternet Links
WrittenFreeman Collett & Partners1993Kenmore Hospital Complex, Goulburn: conservation plan View detail
WrittenGoulburn Post (unattributed)2020Protect Kenmore - Heritage NSW steps in to investigate View detail
WrittenGraham Brooks & Associates2006Heritage Impact Assessment: Proposed Subdivision, Former Kenmore Hospital, Goulburn
WrittenLe Sueur, Angela2016Government Architects - part 2
WrittenLeighton-Daly, Phil2014Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital 'Wednesday's Child' - Volume 1
WrittenMiles, J.E.1995Kenmore Hospital - A Brief Historical Note
WrittenMorris, Colleen2002'Hospital Gardens' (entry) View detail
WrittenMusecape P/L2011Landscape input to Masterplan, former Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital
WrittenMusecape P/L; and LFA (Pacific) P/L2012Conservation Management Plan Review for former Kenmore Psychiatric Hospital site, Taralga Road, Goulburn View detail
WrittenNeale, Hannah; Wong, Burney; and Thrower, Louise2021Emergency services rush to Kenmore Hospital blaze at Goulburn View detail
WrittenParsons Brinckerhoff P/L2003Draft Kenmore Master Plan - Goulburn Local Environment Plan 1990 View detail
WrittenPeter Freeman P/L in association with Donald Ellsmore P/L1999Conservation Management Plan Review: Kenmore Hospital, Goulburn View detail
WrittenSchwager Brooks and Partners1992NSW Dept. of Health - Preliminary Heritage and Conservation Register View detail
WrittenThrower, Louise2020Former Goulburn teacher continues Kenmore history View detail

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.
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(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details)

Data source

The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name: Heritage NSW
Database number: 5053600
File number: H02/00200, H04/00091/5 (ICONS)

Every effort has been made to ensure that information contained in the State Heritage Inventory is correct. If you find any errors or omissions please send your comments to the Database Manager.

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