Star Hotel (King Street Building) (under consideration)

Item details

Name of item: Star Hotel (King Street Building) (under consideration)
Other name/s: Star/Cameron's Inn (1855-?); Star Complex (c1980-2000); Screaming Mimi's (1990-92); Star Motel (1997-2003); Star Apartments (c2014-); Bernie's Bar (2023-)
Type of item: Built
Group/Collection: Commercial
Category: Hotel
Location: Lat: -32.927890 Long: 151.766120
Primary address: 410 King Street, Newcastle West, NSW 2302
Parish: Newcastle
County: Northumberland
Local govt. area: Newcastle
Local Aboriginal Land Council: Awabakal
Property description
Lot/Volume CodeLot/Volume NumberSection NumberPlan/Folio CodePlan/Folio Number
LOT1 SP90190
LOT10 SP90190
LOT11 SP90190
LOT12 SP90190
LOT13 SP90190
LOT14 SP90190
LOT15 SP90190
LOT32 SP90190
LOT33 SP90190
PART LOTCommon Property SP90190
All addresses
Street AddressSuburb/townLGAParishCountyType
410 King StreetNewcastle WestNewcastleNewcastleNorthumberlandPrimary Address
569 Hunter StreetNewcastle WestNewcastleNewcastleNorthumberlandAlternate Address
Devonshire StreetNewcastle WestNewcastleNewcastleNorthumberlandAlternate Address

Statement of significance:

The Star Hotel (King Street Building) is State significant for its historical values and community esteem. Its history as a countercultural melting pot and its sudden closure and expulsion of LGBTQIA+ staff and patrons in 1979 is representative of broader historical trends in NSW and beyond, most notably the struggle for LGBTQIA+ rights in the face of oppressive conditions through the mid-to-late 20th century. Collective memory of the site as an LGBTQIA+ meeting place, refuge and venue for one of Newcastle's first regular public drag revues and nightly live music shows has generated a level of community esteem that exceeds the building's architecture. Its place in the popular imagination is demonstrated by Australian rock band Cold Chisel's song "Star Hotel" and award-winning journalistic records of the Star Hotel riot. This episode of public disorder, one of the largest in Australia's history, prompted significant changes in police practice in NSW and other jurisdictions.
Date significance updated: 14 Aug 25
Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description

Designer/Maker: Wallace Porter; Walter Harold Pender
Construction years: 1924-1925
Physical description: The Star Hotel (King Street Building) is a two-storey brick building, comprising Lots 1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 32 and 33, and sections of common property in the southeastern corner of Strata Plan 90190. The building's original exposed face brick facades addressing King and Devonshire Streets, now painted, include pebbledash detailing and pediments in places, and parapets bearing distinctive star-shaped motifs and inscriptions.

Its corner location and facades lend the building landmark qualities (EJE Heritage 2013).

Non-significant fabric on the King and Devonshire Street facades comprises non-original window frames, glazing, awnings, downpipes and rainheads, tiles, paint and render, signage and services. The interior of the Star Hotel (King Street Building) comprises non-significant fabric on the ground and first floors. Ground floor fixtures include a bar and small stage associated with the historical and present uses of the hotel by LGBTQIA+ and other communities but both comprising fabric that is non-significant.

The present listing does not encompass the Hunter Street facade nor any sections of the Star Hotel's historical footprint outside of the King Street Building.
Physical condition and/or
Archaeological potential:
The exterior of the King Street building remains largely intact at the first floor and parapets. Ground-floor pediments on Devonshire Street have been maintained while the King Street facade has lost its awning and decorative tiling at the ground floor. Overpainting obscures the original exterior brick finish. The interior has undergone extensive renovations and alterations and maintains little to no fabric dating prior to 1981.
Date condition updated:12 Aug 25
Modifications and dates: 1855 - Single-storey timber building constructed on Blane Street (later Hunter Street), with nine rooms for accommodation and a large stables behind. The original hotel was built on Lot 96 Section A of the Australian Agricultural Company, Newcastle Estate subdivision.
1878 - Block expands with purchase of Lot 3 of the subdivision of Lots 95A and 38A, allowing access to the hotel from the side street and erected a two-storey brick house containing five rooms at 6 Devonshire Street.
Early 1880s - Fernery and large aviary erected, and rose garden planted on the land to the rear of the Hunter Street building.
1887 - Two terraces built at 8-10 Devonshire Street containing five rooms each.
1890s - Two terraces built on the corner of Blane (later Hunter) and Devonshire Streets.
1910 - Original 1855 building demolished, replaced with new hotel. Commercial terrace building constructed on corner of Hunter and Devonshire Streets.
1920-25 - Block grows to surrounding lots, including the whole western side of Devonshire Street.
1925 - New two-story brick hotel built, spanning from Hunter Street to King Street. The original plan was drawn up by Newcastle architect Wallace Porter who at the time worked for the firm Pender Architects in Maitland, with the final plans by Walter Harold Pender. The ground floor included public and saloon bars at both the Hunter and King Street ends, a kitchen, offices, parlour and five shops accessed via a walkway on the western side, with another shop fronting Hunter Street. At the King Street end the hotel addressed the corner with Devonshire Street. On the first floor there were 39 bedrooms, plus dining, sitting and lounge room areas.
1938 - Hunter Street facade modified in Art Deco style, with rounded corners and textured brickwork. The main hotel bars are located in the Hunter Street and the King Street buildings with the joining building containing the accommodation, dining and kitchen areas. The floor plan of the entire hotel was in a dog-leg design with the Hunter Street end being one lot west of Devonshire Street on the site of the original 1855 hotel and the King Street end being on the corner of King and Devonshire streets.
1981 - The Star Hotel was transformed into a 22-shop shopping centre known as the Star Complex, with remnant original interior features removed. The renovation preserved the original 1925 King Street facade and incorporated the 1890s Hunter Street terrace buildings at the northeast of the block.
1997 - Major renovation.
2000 - Major renovation.
2001 - Major renovation.
2003 - Major renovation.
2013 - The Hunter Street portion and first floor of the King Street building were converted into a residential complex known as the Star Apartments.
2017 - King Street building interior remodelled.
2021 - King Street building interior remodelled.
2023 - King Street building interior remodelled
Current use: LGBTQIA+ bar; residential apartments
Former use: Aboriginal land; Crown land; pub; live music venue

History

Historical notes: STATEMENT OF COUNTRY

The Star Hotel is situated on the traditional lands of the Awabakal (Horton/AIATSIS 1996), which stretch from Awaba (Lake Macquarie) in the south to Coquun (Hunter River) in the north. The Awabakal have lived in this landscape for many thousands of years, as demonstrated by oral tradition and archaeological evidence. The Awabakal, and Aboriginal people more generally, express an ongoing connection to Awabakal Country and to the Newcastle area specifically.

Aboriginal people with connections to Newcastle include members of the LGBTQIA+ community. Shirley B (born 1956, Kempsey) grew up on The Hill before going on to perform at premier drag venues in Sydney and be crowned "Miss Newcastle Drag Queen" at the Star Hotel (quoted in Wafer 2000: 92). Shirley B endured racism at the Star and instead found a more welcoming environment at the Terminus Hotel.

THE STAR HOTEL

With money gained on the Rockhampton goldfields, Ewan Cameron established the Star Inn or Cameron’s Inn (later Star Hotel) in 1855 as a single-storey timber building on Blane Street (later Hunter Street) (Suters 2003). In the late 19th century under Ewan’s son Hugh, the family’s presence on the site grew to include a two-storey brick house and two terraces on lots fronting Devonshire Lane (later Devonshire Street). In 1910, Hugh funded the demolition and replacement of the original hotel and added a commercial terrace building on the corner of Hunter and Devonshire Streets.

Lena Campbell, licensee of the Centennial Hotel and Hugh’s eldest daughter, assumed ownership of the Star Hotel in 1921 (Suters 2003). Over the following five years, she acquired the lots required to create a continuous block of land along the western length of Devonshire Street between Hunter and King Streets. She commissioned local architects Wallace Porter and Walter Harold Pender to create plans for a new two-storey brick hotel running from Hunter Street to King Street, which came to fruition in 1925. The expansion of the hotel was typical of New South Wales pubs after the First World War. The Liquor Referendum of 1916 forced pubs to close at six o’clock, which in turn led publicans to maximise drinking space to cater for the after-work rush (Suters 2003; Murray 2016).

Subsequent owners Tooth and Company continued to operate the premises as a licensed venue. They preserved the 1925 building on the corner of King and Devonshire Street, which remains to this day, but in 1938 modified the Hunter Street facade with Art Deco features such as rounded corners and textured brickwork, much of which has been lost.

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s and under various owners, the Star Hotel operated as a shopping centre, restaurant and hospitality venue known as the Star Complex. The extensive renovations preserved the original 1925 King and Devonshire Street facades. The site continued to undergo alterations to accommodate new purposes, with major renovations taking place in 1997, 2000, 2001 and 2003. In 2013, the Hunter Street portion of the building was converted into a residential complex. Meanwhile, the King Street building has been remodelled several times over the years, opening as new venues in 2017, 2021 and 2023.

LGBTQIA+ HISTORY

Through the late 1940s and 1950s, the criminalisation of homosexuality forced the Newcastle LGBTQIA+ community to keep a low profile. Public meeting places were almost unheard of until the 1960s, when some hotels began to covertly accept the community (LGBTI Conversations 2022).

The LGBTQIA+ community’s adoption of the King Street end of the Star Hotel as its pub in 1969 appears to have been influenced by police. Oral testimony attests to local police brokering an agreement with the managers of the Star Hotel to host the drag shows as a way of boosting their flailing business (LGBTI Conversations 2022). Some participants recall officers driving the drag performers and other community members between pubs (Wafer 2000). At a time when male homosexuality was still illegal and violence against the LGBTQIA+ community common, this police involvement was unusual (Dunn 2023). Although this may have signalled a somewhat open attitude towards homosexuality, the community’s concentration at the Star also facilitated its surveillance and control (Glenda Jackson quoted in Wafer 2000: 86; Sattler 2022: 39m22s; Witte 2025; public submissions ). In the 1970s, local police routinely patrolled places frequented by gay men and subjected them to interrogation (Marr 1978). One licensee later related how detectives gathered intelligence at the Star Hotel (Ray 2023).

The newcomers found their place among several different crowds. The hotel had many different bars which catered to bikies, surfers, rock and jazz enthusiasts as well as sailors and waterside workers (Lorraine Bell interviewed on Newcastle Museum n.d.). During the 1970s, social groups regularly mixed across the different bars within the hotel. By blurring the lines between working-class, youth, feminist and gay subcultures, the Star Hotel helped shape a more open-minded and tolerant city (Dunn 2023; Tucker et al 2007). Reflective of this is the allyship of the neighbouring Newcastle Trades Hall in calling on the NSW Government in 1982 to repeal anti-homosexual laws and extend the Anti-Discrimination Act to include homosexuality (Living Histories n.d.).

An all-male drag show known as the Star Girls Revue played a key role in breaking down the barriers between social groups and generating the level of acceptance for which the hotel became famous. Performances took place on top of one of the bars before the first stage was built and the revue firmly established between 1971 and 1972 under licensee Lloyd Moffat (Wafer 2000; Dunn 2023; Witte 2025). By 1973, a regular cast of at least six drag performers were drawing more than 200 patrons each night. Performing alongside local stars Glenda Jackson and Stella, drag artists Vicki, Elizabeth, Julie, Bubbles, Monique St John and Carlotta honed their craft at the Star before achieving renown at Les Girls in Sydney (Dunn 2023; LGBTI Conversations 2022; Wafer 2000).

The popularity of the revues grew such that, by 1978, the Star had become, according to journalist David Marr, "famous beyond Newcastle for its outrageous customers, its drag show, and the figure of Stella the Fella who runs the bar" (Marr 1978: 13). The venue attracted an international clientele, becoming the "adopted home" of sailors of the USS Waddell in 1975. An enormous US flag gifted by its sailors was unfurled in 1977 during a week of Christmas festivities which left a "very deep and favourable impression" on hundreds of sailors from the USS Agerholm and USS Gray (Campaign 1978; Canberra Times 1978: 31; Newcastle Sun 1977; Star Hotel 1977; Sydney Morning Herald 1978).

While other LGBTQIA+ or LGBTQIA+-friendly venues existed in Newcastle in the 1970s and from as early as the late 1940s (Wafer 2000; Witte 2025), the Star Hotel represented something of a flagship for the community. For much of its history since 1969, people from the Hunter and northern New South Wales have travelled to the Star to "come out" in a supportive environment (Wafer 2000; public submission ). Members of the LGBTQIA+ community have indicated that, during the 1970s, the Star Hotel became an unofficial refuge of minors kicked out of home because of their sexual orientation. Staff members and patrons provided accommodation, employment and psychosocial support (public submission ).

This all ended abruptly in 1979. Likely in reaction to a growing gay rights movement and emboldened by the spate of police harassment and arrests of the LGBTQIA+ community in Sydney and Newcastle in 1978 (Living Histories n.d.), publican Don Graham phased out the Star Revue, fired all LGBTQIA+ staff and barred entry to the LGBTQIA+ community. Graham’s homophobic campaign appeared in local newspapers, where he claimed that the community were bad for business (Newcastle Sun, 8 February 1979). After being refused entry, a number of protestors assembled outside Star Hotel on 3 February 1979, including organisers of the first Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras (Newcastle Morning Herald, 5 February 1979; Witte 2025). Although Graham was taken before the Advertising Standards Council, drag shows were not reinstated (Dunn 2023).

Subsequently, from 1990 to 1992, the Star Complex later hosted a queer nightclub called Screaming Mimi’s on King Street (Wafer 2000). Opening in 2023, Bernie’s Bar continues the site’s connection with the LGBTQIA+ community.

THE 1979 RIOT

Several months after the banning of LGBTQIA+ patrons in 1979, Tooth and Company announced the permanent closure and demolition of the Star Hotel, citing the hotel's declining business and the deteriorating condition. The announcement sent shockwaves through the Newcastle community, inspiring around 10,000 people to petition in protest and local tradesmen to repair the building voluntarily (Wafer 2000). On 19 September 1979, a public "wake" held at the Star escalated into a street riot between local police and the crowd, whose actions have been attributed to frustration at dwindling cultural and employment opportunities and a "struggle for acceptance of pluralism" (Wafer 2000; Smith 2015: 195). Approximately 4000 people were involved, making it one of the largest examples of civil disorder in Australian history (Canberra Times 1979).

The Star Hotel riot, as it became known, was immortalised in the Australian consciousness with rock band Cold Chisel’s 1981 song "Star Hotel". It also received local, national and international media attention through the award-winning press photography and news footage of NBN news team Robyn Wade and Barry Nancarrow and photographer Ron Bell (von Loopin Stab and Whittaker 2019). Wade and Nancarrow won a Thorn EMI Award for Television News and a TV Week Logie for their report on the riot. Nancarrow also received a National Golden Tripod from the Australian Cinematographers Society for his footage. Bell took home a W.G. Walkley Award for Best News Photography and the Rothmans National Press Photo Award for his memorable shots.

The riot prompted changes in the policing of civil disorder and the administration of welfare. In NSW, government formed a "special riot-type squad", while other states used footage of the riot to train officers (Parliament of New South Wales 1981: 740; Hughes 1983).

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)New South Wales themeLocal theme
7. Governing-Governing Law and order-Activities associated with maintaining, promoting and implementing criminal and civil law and legal processes Scenes of sedition political dissent and rebellion-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Performing in artistic and creative ways-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Going to a concert-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation Going drinking in bars or clubs-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities Celebrating the LGBTIQA+ community through live entertainment and drag shows-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities Participating in homosexual organisations and networks-

Assessment of significance

SHR Criteria a)
[Historical significance]
The Star Hotel (King Street Building) holds State-significant historical values as the site of changing attitudes towards gender and sexuality in regional NSW and of the Star Hotel riot, one of the largest episodes of civil disorder in Australian history.

At a time when homosexuality was still illegal for men, the Star Hotel served as a beacon for LGBTQIA+ communities well beyond Newcastle. It was one of the first public venues in NSW outside Sydney to host regular drag revues open to members of the general public. The popularity of the shows, the employment of performers behind the bars and the intermingling of LGBTQIA+ and straight communities – of women, maritime workers, sailors, surfers and others – made the Star Hotel a frontrunner of changing societal views in regional NSW in the late 1960s and 1970s.

The later exclusion of LGBTQIA+ patrons and workers from the Star Hotel in 1979 was symptomatic of a backlash against a growing international gay rights movement, which saw police repression of the first Sydney Mardi Gras in 1978.

On 19 September 1979, the Star Hotel witnessed one of the largest episodes of civil disorder in Australian history, which became known as the Star Hotel riot. The event brought about reforms to the policing of civil disorder in Australia, including the introduction of specialised equipment and training in police forces in NSW and other jurisdictions.
SHR Criteria d)
[Social significance]
The Star Hotel (King Street Building) holds State significance for community esteem. Through the 1970s, the Star became a symbol of counterculture, a safe, tolerant and vibrant space for LGBTQIA+ communities in Newcastle and beyond. The Star Hotel served as a place for coming out for people in the Hunter and northern NSW. The site has a special association with the recreational and economic life of the LGBTQIA+ community, for whom the place has been, at various points, a place of safety amidst a sometimes hostile, heteronormative culture.

A further source of State significance lies in the Star Hotel's role as a stepping stone for regionally based drag performers seeking careers in the premier revues in Sydney. Numerous performers honed their craft at the Star Hotel before becoming stars at Les Girls in Kings Cross and in some cases establishing a national profile. They include Carlotta, Vicki, Elizabeth, Julie, Bubbles and Monique St John.

State significance also resides in the Star Hotel's status as a symbol of civil disobedience, as memorialised in Australian rock band Cold Chisel's song "The Star Hotel" and journalistic records of the Star Hotel riot. The media coverage of the events of 19 September 1979 circulated in local, national and international media, earning the journalists responsible several national industry accolades and leaving an indelible imprint on the collective imagination. The riot and these images of it have become inextricably associated with the Star Hotel's name and fabric.
Integrity/Intactness: The exterior of the King Street building remains largely intact at the first floor and parapets. Original parapets, motifs, inscriptions and sections of pebbledash have been preserved. Ground-floor pediments on Devonshire Street have been maintained while the King Street facade has lost its awning and decorative tiling at the ground floor. Overpainting obscures the original exterior brick finish. The interior has undergone extensive renovations and alterations, retaining little to no original fabric.
Assessment criteria: Items are assessed against the PDF State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Listings

Heritage ListingListing TitleListing NumberGazette DateGazette NumberGazette Page
Heritage Act - Under consideration for SHR/IHO listingNew HC SHR nomination for LGBTIQA+ priority area 01 Feb 22   
Heritage Act - Under consideration for SHR/IHO listingReactivated HC SHR nomination 06 Dec 24   
Heritage Act - Icons Project Nomination for SHR listing  30 Jun 04   
Heritage Act - Nomination RefusedSee nomination Procedure comments 13 Aug 04   

Study details

TitleYearNumberAuthorInspected byGuidelines used
Statement of Heritage Impact: Star Hotel and Apartments, 569-573 Hunter Street, Newcastle West NSW 2300, Lot 1 DP 7391532013 EJE Heritageorrn Yes
Statement of Heritage Impact: For E1 Pty Ltd, Star Hotel Precinct Redevelopment, 563-571 Hunter Street, Devonshire Lane, Newcastle West NSW2003 Suters Architects Pty Ltd  No
LGBTIQA+ Heritage Assessments2023 Mark Dunnorrn Yes
Aboriginal Heritage Study: Newcastle Local Government Area2005 AMBS Consultingwyndhamd No

References, internet links & images

TypeAuthorYearTitleInternet Links
Electronic  Hunter Rainbow History Collection View detail
ElectronicAva Camillos2024The little queer club that could: Newcastle’s only LGBTQIA+ venue is creating a more inclusive city View detail
WrittenBernadette Smith2015'The Star Hotel Riot and Its Legacy' in Radical Newcastle, edited by James Bennett, Nancy Cushing and Erik Eklund
WrittenBernie's Bar (Grace Frey, Kit Niss and Patrick Fisher)2025Submission to the proposed listing of Star Hotel (King Street Building) on the SHR, 18 Jul 2025
WrittenCampaign1978'We've got it all', Campaign, no. 28, Jan
WrittenCanberra Times1979'Newcastle hotel riot to be investigated', Canberra Times, 21 Sep View detail
WrittenCanberra Times1978'Hello, Goodbye Skaggy Aggie', The Canberra Times, 14 Jan View detail
VideoChit Chat von Loopin Stab, Tony Whittaker2019Star Hotel Riot View detail
WrittenChris Tucker, Michael Chapman, Michael Ostwald2007Homosexuality and the Star Hotel: Exploring the traces of Queer Space in Newcastle in the 1970s View detail
ElectronicCity of Newcastle Aboriginal Heritage and Development View detail
WrittenConstable David Hughes1983‘The Star Hotel Riot’, Australian Police Journal, vol. 37, no. 2 View detail
WrittenDavid Marr1978'How a Murder Changed a City', The National Times, 27 Feb - 4 Mar
Oral HistoryGray Sattler (interviewee), John Witte (interviewer)2022Oral history interview log, 11 Jan View detail
ElectronicGreg Ray2023'Star Hotel riot: Former Star Hotel publican Don Graham says he never incited the historic riot of 1979' View detail
WrittenHunter Rainbow History Group2020Queer Newcastle: A Portable Exhibition [catalogue]
WrittenJack Farrell1977'Ad Lib', Newcastle Sun, 19 Dec
WrittenJack Farrell1977'And a smile lands a sailor', Newcastle Sun, 28 Dec
WrittenJim Wafer2000'Uncle Doreen’s Family Drag Album: A reading of Hunter Valley social history from a gay man’s perspective', in Out in the Valley: Hunter Gat and Lesbian Histories, edited by Jim Wafer, Erica Southgate and Lyndall Coan View detail
WrittenJohn Witte2025Submission to the proposed listing of Star Hotel (King Street Building) on the SHR, 8 Aug 2025
ElectronicJordan Hirst2024‘True icon’: Newcastle drag legend Glenda Jackson dies, Q News, 27 May View detail
Oral HistoryLGBTI Conversations; Glenda Jackson2022Newcastle's Original Queen of Drag Glenda Jackson View detail
ElectronicLisa Murray2016The Liquor Referendum and the Six O'Clock Swill View detail
ElectronicMatthew Wade2018'Community spotlight: getting to know drag performer Glenda Jackson', Star Observer, 30 Aug View detail
WrittenNewcastle Morning Herald1979Newcastle Morning Herald, 5 February 1979
Oral HistoryNewcastle Museum LGBTIQ (Lesbian, Gay Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, Queer) Oral History Project View detail
WrittenNewcastle Sun1979'No More "Puffs" Ad Reported for Bias', Newcastle Sun, 5 February 1979
WrittenParliament of New South Wales1981'Legislative Council (Hansard)', 25 Nov 1981, (Kenneth Warren Reed) View detail
WrittenStar Hotel1977'The Star Hotel (hosts Don & Lesley Graham) (Where the big flag flies) weclomes the USS Agerholm & USS Gray'
WrittenSydney Morning Herald1978'Last Cruise for Ship that Fired Nuclear Shot from Deck'. The Sydney Monring Herald, 2 Jan View detail
ElectronicWarwick McFadyen2022'The summer I found rock and roll and the Star Hotel closed with a bang', The Age, 31 Jan View detail

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

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Data source

The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name: Heritage NSW
Database number: 5055684
File number: EF24/18301


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