Harris Creek Rail Bridge

Item details


Name of item:	Harris Creek Rail Bridge
Other name/s:	Holsworthy Rail Bridge, Holsworthy Pedestrian Bridge, Harris Creek Bridge
Type of item:	Built
Group/Collection:	Transport - Rail
Category:	Railway Bridge/ Viaduct
Primary address:	Heathcote Road, Holsworthy, NSW 2173
Parish:	Holsworthy
County:	Cumberland
Local govt. area:	Liverpool
Local Aboriginal Land Council:	Gandangara

Boundary:

The curtilage encompasses the piers and abutments, the iron fixings, rolled steel joists, plaque and wingwalls of the Harris Creek Rail Bridge and the creek bed in which they are set for a distance of 5m in all directions from those elements. The listing does not include the fabric of the current Harris Creek Road Bridge, including any fabric such as road lighting, barriers or signage overhead and abutting the listed item, or Heathcote Road. The listing also does not include the proposed new fabric of the upgraded Harris Creek Road bridge, including any fabric overhead and abutting the listed item.

All addresses

Street Address	Suburb/town	LGA	Parish	County	Type
Heathcote Road	Holsworthy	Liverpool	Holsworthy	Cumberland	Primary Address

Owner/s

Organisation Name	Owner Category	Date Ownership Updated
Liverpool City Council	Local Government	10 Jul 17

Statement of significance:


	The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is of state significance for its historical association with the so-called German Concentration Camp in Holsworthy. The railway terminated at the Holsworthy Internment Camp, which was the largest internment camp in Australia during WWI, housing up to 6,000 men who were classed as 'enemy aliens', and mostly of German, Austro-Hungarian and Turkish descent. The Holsworthy camp was the largest and longest running internment camp in Australia, remaining open until the last internees and prisoners-of-war were released in 1920. Sections of the former Liverpool to Holsworthy Military Railway - including the Harris Creek Rail Bridge - were constructed by internees from the Holsworthy camp. It is the only surviving rail bridge built by internee labour in NSW and provides evidence of this important aspect of Australian military history and the history of WWI on the NSW home front. The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is also of state significance for its historical association with the former Liverpool to Holsworthy (originally written as 'Holdsworthy') Military Railway and more broadly, the military history of NSW and Australia. The Liverpool to Holsworthy Military Railway was the only railway constructed and operated solely for military purposes in Australia during WWI. The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is a rare surviving element of this former railway. The rail bridge has a strong connection to the movement of troops and equipment in support of the military operations in the Liverpool area from WWI.
	Date significance updated: 08 May 19
	Note: The State Heritage Inventory provides information about heritage items listed by local and State government agencies. The State Heritage Inventory is continually being updated by local and State agencies as new information becomes available. Read the Department of Premier and Cabinet copyright and disclaimer.

Description


Construction years:	1917-1917
Physical description:	The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is a small, simply constructed concrete bridge of three spans. It remains generally intact with original concrete piers, abutments and wingwalls, and original steel girders, wind and sway bracing. Each of the two piers is a mass concrete wall-type structure supported on a concrete strip footing (or pile cap on driven timber piles, if piles were used). The downstream side of each pier is blunt-ended; however, the upstream side of each pier is wedge-shaped for streamlining water flow through the bridge - features referred to as 'cutwaters'. The twin steel girders were retrieved from duplications elsewhere on the NSW railway network. The name of the steel supplier is on the girders Dorman Long & Co. Ltd, Middlesbrough England. The company was formed in 1875 and amalgamated as British Steel and Tube Ltd in 1967. Dorman Long & Co. Ltd also designed and built the Sydney Harbour Bridge and were a major supplier of steel bridge girders for railways in NSW. The bridge was constructed by internees from the Holsworthy Internment Camp as part of the former Liverpool to Holsworthy Military Railway. There is a plaque or crest engraved into the northern face of the eastern pier (downstream side), installed by the internees, which shows the figures of a kangaroo and an emu, the letters 'GCC' under a crown denoting German Concentration Camp and the construction date of 1917. Overall, the elements of the original rail bridge are in fair to good condition. There is some cracking to the abutment wing walls and the steel girders show evidence of surface rust throughout. There are some areas of pitting corrosion on the top surface of the top flanges, presumably where the timber transoms would have been located (being typical moisture trap areas). A second and smaller bridge over Anzac Creek, also constructed by internees from the Holsworthy Internment Camp as part of the former military railway, was demolished in c.1972. During demolition, two bottles were discovered within the concrete containing handwritten notes written by the internees who built the bridge, listing their names and a description of their working conditions. The Harris Creek Rail Bridge may also contain secreted bottles containing handwritten messages from the internees. The original track (rails and timber transoms) has been removed and replaced in 1988 with a Bailey Bridge deck. The Bailey Bridge is a military structure, designed and developed from 1942 as a means of rapidly providing waterway crossings for military purposes. The Bailey Bridge has been laid directly on top of the steel girders and does not interfere with the fabric of the original railway bridge. Evidence also exists of hot riveted connections and original square-headed bolt and washers, used to secure the timber transoms. The Bailey Bridge is proposed to be removed in 2021-22, and is not considered significant fabric for the purposes of this listing - its removal is part of the Heathcote Road Upgrade plan at time of listing and is exempted from approval. The bridge spans Harris Creek, and is located in close proximity to Heathcote Road and the road bridge spanning Harris Creek (current bridge constructed 1941). The rail bridge is flanked by publicly accessible park land on both sides of the creek.
Physical condition and/or Archaeological potential:	The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is in good condition.
	Date condition updated:30 Mar 21
Modifications and dates:	Timber sleepers have been removed. 1930s A bailey bridge was placed on top of the structure. 1988 A number of pipes have been affixed.


Current use:	pedestrian/cycleway bridge
Former use:	Aboriginal land, army internment camp, rail transport connected to that use

History

Historical notes:

Holsworthy (originally 'Holdsworthy') is a suburb in south-western Sydney, within the traditional lands of the Cabrogal clan of the Darug people. The locality takes its name after the town where Governor Lachlan Macquarie married Elizabeth Campbell in 1807.

The Holsworthy and greater Liverpool district has a long connection with the Australian military, with manoeuvres and artillery training taking place annually in the area from the late nineteenth century.

As part of an overhaul of the Australian defence system post-Federation, Prime Minister Deakin invited Lord Kitchener to advise on the development of its land defences, and in 1910, he undertook a nationwide tour to review the status of the Australian Army leading to the formation of the Australian Imperial Forces. Kitchener spent a couple of days in January in Liverpool as part of this tour, watching the manoeuvres of 6,000 troops and visiting military operations in the district. Following his observations, Kitchener recommended that a permanent army establishment be set up in the area. In 1912, 883 acres at Holsworthy were acquired by the Commonwealth Government for the establishment of a Remount Depot and veterinary hospital, and in 1913 a further 16,868 acres were acquired for the army.

The Liverpool Field Training Area (now Liverpool Military Area) was the first Commonwealth field training area in NSW and it continued to expand following the declaration of war in 1914. The area hosted various military divisions during WWI, including Australian Light Horse regiments.

The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is articulate about an aspect of migration experience to Australia and to NSW, particularly for German migrants. From the 1850s German settlers, many of them escaping the rising nationalist sentiment in Germany, began arriving in the Australian colonies looking to start a new life. The majority disembarked at Port Adelaide, and then moved onto Western Australia, the Barossa Valley, the Riverina and South East Queensland. Many of the German migrants sought land suitable for wheat and dairy farming, the planting of vineyards and wine making. They formed close communities transforming the dry marginal environment into good farming land. (The German Australian Community, Migration Heritage Centre)

The German Australians maintained strong cultural ties with their German heritage up until World War One.

By the beginning of the first world war over 100,000 Germans lived in Australia and were a well-established and liked community, maintaining strong cultural ties with their German heritage. However, this began to change as tension rose between the British and German Empires leading up to the first world war. German Australian communities often found themselves the subject of suspicion and animosity, and when war broke out, this changed to outright hostility.

As the Migration Heritage Centre has observed: "The sinking of the German light Cruiser SMS Emden by the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney in the Cocos Islands was one of Australia's first actions of the war and it excited the nation. The event created hysteria about possible German naval attack thus establishing immediately the cultural and national divisions within the community."

From late 1914, thousands of German and Austrian men, as well as Dalmatians and others defined as 'enemy aliens', who were old enough to join the army were put into 'German Concentration Camps' across the continent under the War Precautions Act. Women and children of German and Austrian descent, detained by the British in Asia, were interned at Molonglo near Canberra. Those who were not interned were carefully watched by the police and neighbours, many lost their jobs or had businesses destroyed, German schools and churches were closed, German music was banned. Some German men voluntarily went into camps so their wives and children could survive on a government allowance. German Australians faced a great deal of adverse media as the war ground on. (The German Australian Community, Migration Heritage Centre, 2011)

The Holsworthy Internment Camp (or German Concentration Camp, as it was also known) was established in 1914 to house 'enemy aliens', with the first internees arriving in early September. The three main camps in NSW were at Berrima in the Southern Highlands, Trial Bay on the North Coast and Holsworthy near Liverpool. The other camps were gradually scaled down and most internees were transferred to the Holsworthy camp, which was expanded several times to accommodate the many new arrivals. The Holsworthy Internment Camp was to become the largest of its kind in Australia, holding close to 6000 internees towards the end of the war. Internees were mainly of German or Austro-Hungarian descent and some were naturalised British citizens, including second or third generation Australians.

When the first internees arrived at Holsworthy, the camp consisted of a large group of tents in an open area, which later became the Light Horse Regiment's camp. Barracks later replaced the tents to house the approximately 6,000 men interned there. Initially these were not furnished and the men had to buy something to sleep on, while many built beds from saplings found in the nearby bush. Internees arranged their own entertainment and cultural and sporting events within the camps to maintain morale against boredom and anxiety, including theatre productions and orchestras. Internees could volunteer for various work projects in the district as one way to earn money while they were in the camp, with wages set at one shilling for four hours work, however the rate often varied.

Some internees worked on constructing the former Liverpool to Holsworthy Military Railway, which linked the Ordnance Depot, Remount Depot, Anzac Rifle Range and the Holsworthy Internment Camp. NSW Railways constructed the first 2.2 km of the military railway, from Liverpool Station east across the Georges River, and the remaining 5.7 km was built on military land by internees from the Holsworthy Internment Camp. The full cost of construction was to be borne by the Commonwealth Government and the line was to be operated by NSW Railways. Other labour included road building and land clearing.

Construction commenced in February 1917 and progressed steadily using second-hand materials, not only to limit costs, but because of scarcity of supplies from the war effort. The line including a crossing over the Georges River and two small flood openings which crossed Anzac Creek (formerly known as Sheep Pool) and Harris Creek.

The two-span bridge over Anzac Creek - the smaller of the two flood openings - was built by internees from the Holsworthy Internment Camp during January and February 1917. A bottle, embedded in the concrete wall of the bridge, was recovered in the early 1970s. The bottle contained a note written by the internees, explaining it had taken 16 days of hard labour under guard to build the foundations, and that they were paid two shillings a day. The reverse of the note listed the internees' names who worked on the bridge. The Anzac Creek Rail Bridge was demolished in c.1972.

The three-span bridge over Harris Creek was constructed by internees from the Holsworthy Internment Camp between April and September 1917. The twin steel girders for the spans were retrieved from duplications elsewhere on the NSW railway network. A plaque on one of the piers, installed by the internees who worked on the bridge, depicts figures of a kangaroo and emu and the letters 'GCC' for German Concentration Camp.

Though many descendants of German migrants served in the Australian forces during the war, Germans remaining in the community were subjected to vilification, both by Billy Hughes' aggressive conscription campaign and by local media and communities. Many German families changes their names to try to avoid harassment. After the failure of the second Conscription Referendum in 1917, the anti-German campaign was increased further, and families in the NSW Riverina were particularly targeted. People of German descent were stopped from joining the Army, holding civil positions such as local councillors or Justices of the Peace. In March 1918 Australian secret service officers were sent to Jindera and Walla Walla. Four Australian men of German decent, Hermann Paech, John Wenke, Edward Heppner and Ernest Wenke were arrested for unspecified un-Australian activities and delivered into the custody of military police, who took them to Holsworthy Concentration Camp. (Migration Heritage Centre 2011)

Some spent as long as six years in the camp where they faced deportation and an influenza epidemic. In May 1919 the Willochra arrived in Sydney from New Zealand where the influenza epidemic had already taken hold. One hundred and four men were sent straight to Holsworthy and on 27 May the ship left with 665 men from the camp. Other men were transported in and out of the camp. By 20 June, hundreds of men had become infected and by 19 July, when the last man died, 94 men had died out of a population of 4,000. Men continued to be released, with the last man leaving the camp on 5 May 1920. Most were deported. (Dictionary of Sydney)

At the end of WWI, traffic on the rail line decreased dramatically and by 1929 the condition of the line had deteriorated to such an extent that the Commonwealth Government was informed by NSW Railways that the whole line would need to be closed unless urgent repairs were immediately carried out. The outbreak of WWII saved the line from total closure, and the Commonwealth met the cost of repairs, including work on the Georges River Rail Bridge. Traffic on the line naturally declined in the years following the end of WWII. The railway bridge was later converted into a pedestrian footbridge with the addition of a Bailey Bridge.

A centenary commemoration was held for the Harris Creek Rail Bridge in October 2017.

Historic themes

Australian theme (abbrev)	New South Wales theme	Local theme
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	River flats-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Changing the environment-
1. Environment-Tracing the evolution of a continent's special environments	Environment - naturally evolved-Activities associated with the physical surroundings that support human life and influence or shape human cultures.	Cultural: Rivers and water bodies important to humans-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Ethnic influences-Activities associated with common cultural traditions and peoples of shared descent, and with exchanges between such traditions and peoples.	Multi-national contacts with local communities-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Ethnic influences-Activities associated with common cultural traditions and peoples of shared descent, and with exchanges between such traditions and peoples.	Segregating people on the basis of ethnicity-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Ethnic influences-Activities associated with common cultural traditions and peoples of shared descent, and with exchanges between such traditions and peoples.	German migrants-
2. Peopling-Peopling the continent	Migration-Activities and processes associated with the resettling of people from one place to another (international, interstate, intrastate) and the impacts of such movements	Settling post-World War II migrants and refugees-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Significant Places How are significant places marked in the landscape by, or for, different groups-Monuments and Sites
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of passive recreation-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes used for self reliant recreation-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Environment - cultural landscape-Activities associated with the interactions between humans, human societies and the shaping of their physical surroundings	Landscapes of institutions - productive and ornamental-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Events-Activities and processes that mark the consequences of natural and cultural occurences	Developing local landmarks-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Events-Activities and processes that mark the consequences of natural and cultural occurences	Providing a venue for significant events-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Transport-Activities associated with the moving of people and goods from one place to another, and systems for the provision of such movements	Rail transport-
3. Economy-Developing local, regional and national economies	Transport-Activities associated with the moving of people and goods from one place to another, and systems for the provision of such movements	Bridging rivers-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Accommodation-Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities.	Building settlements, towns and cities-National Theme 4
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Land tenure-Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal	Changing land uses - from rural to suburban-
4. Settlement-Building settlements, towns and cities	Towns, suburbs and villages-Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages	20th century Suburban Developments-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Memorialising those who served in war-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Commemorative naming of defence facilities and materials-
7. Governing-Governing	Defence-Activities associated with defending places from hostile takeover and occupation	Involvement with the Second World War-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Building in response to natural landscape features.-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Creative endeavour-Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities.	Landscaping - WW2 period-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Leisure-Activities associated with recreation and relaxation	Visiting heritage places-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities	Commemorating war losses-
8. Culture-Developing cultural institutions and ways of life	Social institutions-Activities and organisational arrangements for the provision of social activities	Local adaptive reuses of military sites-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Birth and Death-Activities associated with the initial stages of human life and the bearing of children, and with the final stages of human life and disposal of the dead.	Erecting and visiting monuments and memorials-
9. Phases of Life-Marking the phases of life	Birth and Death-Activities associated with the initial stages of human life and the bearing of children, and with the final stages of human life and disposal of the dead.	War Memorial-

Assessment of significance


SHR Criteria a) [Historical significance]	The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is of state significance for its ability to demonstrate a distinctive part of the migrant experience in NSW and an aspect of the divisiveness on the home front during WWI. The Harris Creek Rail Bridge was built by internees held in the Holsworthy Internment Camp, which was the largest internment camp in Australia during WWI, housing up to 6,000 men who were classed as 'enemy aliens', and mostly of German, Austro-Hungarian and Turkish descent, many of whom had been part of local Australian communities for many years or even several generations. The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is also of state significance for its historical association with the former Liverpool to Holsworthy (originally written as 'Holdsworthy') Military Railway and more broadly, the military history of NSW and Australia. The Liverpool to Holsworthy Military Railway was the only railway constructed and operated solely for military purposes in Australia during WWI. The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is one of only two known surviving elements of this railway, the other being the Georges River Rail Bridge pylons in Liverpool. The railway was paid for and owned by the Australian Department of Defence and constructed and operated by NSW Government Railways. Construction commenced in February 1917 and the railway was completed in January 1918. The Liverpool to Holsworthy Military Railway was built to service the Liverpool Field Training Area and enable the easy movement of infantry troops, equipment and supplies in and out of the area, to support the military operations of the Australian Army during WWI and WWII. The Liverpool Field Training Area was in operation from January 1918 until March 1970 and was the first Commonwealth field training area in NSW and the largest in Australia during WWI. The rail bridge provides evidence of the Liverpool Field Training Area as the primary military establishment in NSW during WWI and the continued growth of the site leading up to and during WWII.
SHR Criteria b) [Associative significance]	The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is of state significance for its strong and special association with the Holsworthy Internment Camp internees, who constructed the bridge in 1917 as part of the former Liverpool to Holsworthy Military Railway, which had a terminus at the camp. The Holsworthy Internment Camp (also referred to as a German Concentration Camp) was the largest internment camp in Australia during WWI, housing up to 6,000 men who were classed as 'enemy aliens', mostly of German, Austro-Hungarian and Turkish descent. The Holsworthy camp was the largest and longest running internment camp in Australia, remaining open until the last internees and prisoners-of-war were released in 1920 - many of them facing deportation. This significant historical association is demonstrated by a plaque engraved by the internees on one side of the concrete piers of the Harris Creek Rail Bridge, which depicts the figures of a kangaroo and an emu, and the letters 'GCC' (standing for German Concentration Camp) under a crown. A second and smaller bridge over Anzac Creek, also constructed by the Holsworthy Internment Camp internees, was demolished in c.1972. During demolition of this bridge, two bottles were discovered within the concrete which contained handwritten notes written by the internees who built the bridge, listing their names and a description of their working conditions. The Harris Creek Rail Bridge may also contain similar message bottles written and planted by the Holsworthy Internment Camp internees. Since the Anzac Creek Rail Bridge has now been demolished, the Harris Creek Rail Bridge is the only known example in NSW and Australia of a rail bridge constructed using WWI internee labour and provides significant evidence of the skills and lives of the German internees held at Holsworthy during WWI.
SHR Criteria f) [Rarity]	The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is of state significance as a rare surviving element of the former Liverpool to Holsworthy Military Railway. The only other evidence of this railway known to survive is the Georges River Rail Bridge in Liverpool. The railway was the only railway constructed and operated solely for military purposes in Australia during WWI and the only military railway in Australia partly built using internee labour. The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is the only surviving element of this railway constructed by internees from the Holsworthy Internment Camp. The remains of the bridge provide rare evidence of this former railway and the lives of the internees, which is an important aspect of NSW and Australian military history.
SHR Criteria g) [Representativeness]	The Harris Creek Rail Bridge is of state significance as one of only two known surviving elements of the former Liverpool to Holsworthy Military Railway (the other being the Georges River Rail Bridge pylons in Liverpool), which was the only purpose-built military railway constructed and operated in Australia during WWI. The remains of the Harris Creek Rail Bridge provide important representative evidence of the construction and route of this former railway and the work undertaken by Holsworthy Internment Camp internees during WWI.
Assessment criteria:	Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.

Procedures /Exemptions

Section of act	Description	Title	Comments	Action date
57(2)	Exemption to allow work	Heritage Act - Site Specific Exemptions	1.Heathcote Road and Harris Creek Road Bridge Upgrade All construction work and activities which are in accordance with the upgrade of Heathcote Road and Harris Creek Road Bridge and associated flood mitigation works described in the Addendum REF (September 2019), Transport for NSW Drawing Set No.DS2018/000484 and Drawing DS2018/000466 Sheet No. RD-0103, specifically including: - Demolition of the existing road bridge and utilities at Harris Creek; - Removal of the Bailey Bridge structure installed on top of the Harris Creek pedestrian bridge (Harris Creek Rail Bridge); - Construction of new twin road bridges over Harris Creek; - Construction of the new Sydney Water utility bridge and pipeline over Harris Creek; and - Widening and scour protection of Harris Creek. 2.Maintenance of Harris Creek Road Bridge(s) Works and activities undertaken for the ongoing operations and maintenance of the current and any future Harris Creek Road Bridge(s) resulting in no impacts to the significance fabric of the listed heritage item (Harris Creek Rail Bridge).	Jun 25 2021
57(2)	Exemption to allow work	Standard Exemptions	ORDER UNDER SECTION 57(2) OF THE HERITAGE ACT 1977 Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977. I, the Hon James Griffin MP, Minister for Environment and Heritage, pursuant to subsection 57(2) of the Heritage Act 1977, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales do by this Order, effective at the time of publication in the New South Wales Government Gazette: 1. revoke the order made on 9 November 2020 and published in the Government Gazette Number 318 of 13 November 2020; and 2. grant the exemptions from subsection 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977 that are described in the attached Schedule. The Hon James Griffin MP Minister for Environment and Heritage Signed this 2nd day of June 2022. To view the standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977 click on the link below.	Jun 17 2022

Standard exemptions for engaging in or carrying out activities / works otherwise prohibited by section 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977

Listings

Heritage Listing	Listing Title	Listing Number	Gazette Date	Gazette Number	Gazette Page
Heritage Act - State Heritage Register		02056	25 Jun 21	276	n2021-1352
Heritage Act - Nomination Refused			21 Feb 08
Heritage Act - s.170 NSW State agency heritage register	RMS s.170: Harris Creek Bridge	SHI4309593

References, internet links & images

Type	Author	Year	Title	Internet Links
Written	Boulos, Chris	2021	Help bridge onto the register	View detail
Written	Fischer, G.	1989	Enemy Aliens: Internment and the Homefront Experience in Australia 1914-1920.
Written	Helmi, N. and Fischer, G.	2011	The Enemy at Home: German Internees in World War I Australia.
Written	Keating, C.	1996	On the Frontier: A Social History of Liverpool.
Written	Maxwell, K.	2017	Heritage Recognition Statement of Former Harris Creek Military Railway Bridge at Holsworthy, NSW. Report prepared on behalf of Engineering Heritage Sydney,
Written	Neve, P.	1964	The Liverpool-Anzac Rifle Range-Holdsworthy Military Line. The Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, Vol. XV No. 322, August: 141-150.
Written	Oakes, J.	2011	Sydney’s Forgotten Military Railways.
Written	Quint, Graham	2019	'Trust Advocacy: lost opportunities'

Note: internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.

(Click on thumbnail for full size image and image details)

Data source


The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name:	Heritage NSW
Database number:	5060336
File number:	EF17/5359

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