| Historical notes: | The Aboriginal name for Darling Harbour is Tumbalong (Sydney City Council, 2019).
Darling Harbour Water Feature was officially opened in 1988 it was designed by Robert Woodward, architect & fountain designer.
Architect: Robert Woodward
Hydraulics: Robert Woodward
Structural Engineer: Bond James Laron & Murtagh Pty Ltd.
Electrical Engineer: Barry Webb and Associates
Construction Manager: Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd
Construction Manager: Tony Spink
Project Director: Bob Gussy
Zone Design Manager: Peter Wallace
Design Manager: Richard Dinham
Robert Raymond Woodward (1923-2010) was born in Wentworthville in Sydney's western suburbs, the son of a public service accountant. Bob attended Granville Central Technical School, then Sydney Technical High School with a view to becoming a manual arts teacher. His career path was interrupted by the advent of World War II when Woodward joined the army.
He was initially stationed with the Lachlan Macquarie 54th Regiment in Bathurst, then at Victoria Barracks where he completed an armoury course at East Sydney Technical College. Woodward later explained that being in the army at a young age had taught him to be responsible for the work he was doing and how to give instructions effectively (de Berg, 1972). It also opened up the opportunity to study architecture at the University of Sydney after the war as part of the huge post-war repatriation intake of ex-servicemen.
Woodward commenced his architectural degree in 1947 and was impressed by teachers such as Leslie Wilkinson, George Molnar and Lloyd Rees. As a student he worked for Harry 'Pergola' Divola and Peddle Thorp & Walker, while in 1950 he represented Australia in the 440 yard hurdles at New Zealand's British Empire Games. After graduation in 1952 he joined the Royal Australian Institute of Architects and worked briefly for Peddle Thorp & Walker, detailing industrial buildings, but soon headed off for England. He toured Europe with friends from Sydney before settling in Finland where he was privileged to work for a year with Alvar Aalto. He also spent another year in Finland working for the firm of Viljo Revell.
Woodward considered that architectural education in Finland was impressive in the way that it demanded that its students actually build structures. He considered that 'architects need to understand materials' and was impressed by 'Aalto's multi-disciplinary approach where landscape is involved in the building, and interior design, lighting, furnishings, fabrics. . . I think Aalto's main contribution, and this is to put it very simplistically . . . was that he was able to get the best of Bauhaus as well as organic work. . . Aalto's principles, as stated by him, are that essentially everything in architecture is related to biology. If you take a leaf from a tree, for example, you can see. . . design principles which should apply to architecture itself. The first item is cellular structure which Aalto saw as the cells being spatial - not physical elements put together but spaces, and a leaf is made up of a whole multitude of similar cells. They mightn't be the same but they are similar and from one family. The way they are structured together is a flexible combination of those elements - cellular structure, flexible combination and the repetition. . .' (Johnson, 1996, pp189-190)
Woodward returned to Sydney in 1954 where he had some job offers from big firms, but instead formed a small partnership with Phil Taranto in Bankstown, they were later joined by Scott Wallace. They worked on small scale sites like a fruit shop in Bankstown, where they rationalized the work spaces, designed light fittings and introduced mirrored walls to increase the impression of light and plenty - innovations which were widely 'copied and mass produced' (Johnson, 1996, p193).
In 1959, Woodward submitted a design to a City of Sydney competition to construct a fountain in Kings Cross, mainly as a professional 'design exercise' for himself (Johnson, 1996, p194). He won the competition in the name of his firm Woodward & Taranto and went on to build the El Alamein Fountain. This was an immediate success and led to the gradual reorientation of his career into national and international prominence as a fountain designer. In 1968 the Woodward Taranto Wallace partnership was dissolved and Woodward continued alone as a sole practitioner with a focus on fountain design, joining the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects in 1989. He is responsible for many of the most prominent and admired fountains in Australia.
In his oral history interview with Hazel de Berg in 1972, Woodward stated:
'I like water very much, it's a fine medium to work in, a little difficult of course, one can't put it in a lathe or shape it as you do with metals, or forge it or cast it, but those difficulties themselves are what give it its main charm, I think, it's a medium to work in, a sculptural medium, it has form, it has transparency, it reflects light, has movement. It has constantly changing form, although one can control it. One can control the general form and let natural variations of water flow or wind or lighting variations give added charm and character whilst still directing the general form. '(De Berg, 1972, p7111) Woodward suggested that he didn't restrict himself to fountain design, as he explained to De Berg:
'The reason I do mostly fountain work and sculptural work now is . . . [it] is the most interesting work that is available. I'm working free-lance and I don't mind what the work is as long as it is interesting and I can achieve some result. . . there is a whole range of things that can be done and fields I would like to work in. As an example, there is the transport system, I would dearly love to have a commission just to re-plan in all respects our transport system for this state. . . The limitations, of course, are political and commercial ones, they'd be the ones I'd find it very difficult to overcome but if it was just from a design point of view only, I'd be delighted to take on a commission of that nature' (De Berg, p7112, 7122-3).
The Darling Harbour Water Feature outside the Sydney Exhibition Centre completed in 1988 was one of Woodwards most important works. It was a beautiful piece of design with its interplay of water, light and surface texture. It is both an irresistably interactive water element and beautiful spiral sculptural form.
Woodward was the recipient of many awards and honours in his lifetime,
including the NSW Institute of Architect's Civic Design Award for the El
Alamein Fountain in 1964,
and in 1991 ACT Chapter RAIA Canberra Medallion, for New Parliament House
1991 NSW Chapter Civic Design Merit Award Darling Harbour
1991 RAIA Walter Burley Griffin Award for Darling Harbour
1991 RAIA Civic Design Award for Darling Harbour
and the 1992 AILA National Awards in Landscape Architecture Civic
Design Project Award.
In 1987 he was made a Member of Order of Australia for his services to architecture and fountain design.
Selected Works by Robert Woodward:
El Alamein Memorial Fountain Kings Cross, Sydney 1959
St Paul's Church Wentworthville, Sydney 1964
Alcoa Forecourt Fountain San Francisco 1967
Archibald Memorial Fountain, Restoration of 1933 fountain, Hyde Park, Sydney 1968
Bank of California Fountain Portland, Oregon 1969
Geyser Room Restaurant, New Zealand Pavilion, Expo 70 Osaka 1970
Tupperware Forecourt Fountain Orlando, Florida 1970
Chifley Square Fountain Sydney 1971
Grace Memorial Fountain, Roselands Campsie, Sydney 1972
Berger Foundation Fountain Minneapolis 1975
Wall of Water, Sydney Square Town Hall, Sydney 1976
Blue Wave Ceramic Sculpture, Bondi Junction Plaza Sydney 1977
Mini El Alamein Fountain, Perak Turf Club Ipoh, Malaysia 1978
Canberra Times Fountain Canberra 1979
Forecourt Cascades, High Court of Australia Canberra 1980
Five Islands Fountain donated by the Illawarra Mercury Wollongong 1981
G.J. Coles Fountain, Parliament Gardens Melbourne 1981
Lane Cove Plaza Proposal Lane Cove, Sydney 1981
Mount Street Doughnuts North Sydney 1982
New South Wales Parliament House Courtyard Fountain Sydney 1983
Lyric Theatre Fountain, Queensland Performing Arts Centre Brisbane 1984
Palmerston City Square Fountain Darwin 1985
Pacific Bell Forecourt Fountain San Ramon, California 1988
Australian Parliament House Forecourt Canberra 1988
Darling Harbour Water Feature outside Convention Centre Sydney 1988
Modular Spiral Stair, precast Bankstown |